Server Tomcat v7.0 Server at localhost failed to start.报错原因总结

除了上篇博客中提到的包的原因以外，经测试发现如下几种情况亦会导致Tomcat启动失败，出现上图所示错误提示。

第一种情况：注解与url-pattern路径命名冲突

如上两图中的注解@WebServlet("/RegisterServlet")和web.xml文件中配置的<url-pattern>/RegisterServlet</url-pattern>所配路径相同，都是/RegisterServlet，所以起了冲突，导致tomcat无法启动，报错如下：注意红字部分

重大: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/firstmvc]]
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1702)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1692)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/firstmvc]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
    ... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: The servlets named [RegisterServlet] and [me.gacl.web.controller.RegisterServlet] are both mapped to the url-pattern [/RegisterServlet] which is not permitted
    at org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml.addServletMapping(WebXml.java:293)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationWebServlet(ContextConfig.java:2448)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsStream(ContextConfig.java:2123)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsFile(ContextConfig.java:2084)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsFile(ContextConfig.java:2076)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsFile(ContextConfig.java:2076)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsFile(ContextConfig.java:2076)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processAnnotationsFile(ContextConfig.java:2076)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1293)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:388)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5566)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    ... 6 more

8 03, 2018 10:30:02 午前 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal

解决办法：只需删除其中任意一个，或者更改其中一个的路径，即可正常启动，例如，将第二张图的url-pattern修改为如下。

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/RegisterServlet</url-pattern>
 </servlet-mapping>

第二种情况：url-pattern写法错误

该种错误也会导致tomcat无法启动，报错如下：

重大: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/firstmvc]]
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1702)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1692)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/firstmvc]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
    ... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: サーブレットマッピング中に無効な <url-pattern> RegisterServlet があります
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addServletMapping(StandardContext.java:3471)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addServletMapping(StandardContext.java:3446)
    at org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml.configureContext(WebXml.java:1439)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1349)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:388)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5566)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    ... 6 more

8 03, 2018 10:46:12 午前 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal

解决办法：<url-pattern></url-pattern>中配置的内容是否缺少“/” ,"/"表示当前web应用，所以加上"/"就OK。

第三种情况：servlet-name在servlet和servlet-mapping中配置不一致

报错信息如下：

重大: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/firstmvc]]
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(Unknown Source)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:819)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1702)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1692)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(Unknown Source)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/firstmvc]]
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:162)
    ... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: サーブレットマッピングは未知のサーブレット名 RegisterServlet2 を指定しています
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addServletMapping(StandardContext.java:3467)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.addServletMapping(StandardContext.java:3446)
    at org.apache.catalina.deploy.WebXml.configureContext(WebXml.java:1439)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1349)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)
    at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:388)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5566)
    at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
    ... 6 more

8 03, 2018 11:02:05 午前 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal

总的来说，上述所有情况加上前一篇博客中提到的情况，在报错信息中都有错误提示，刚入行的新手可能无法看懂报错信息，本文的目的就在于引导新手看懂报错信息。加上上一篇博客https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41939567/article/details/81381583，总共四个例子希望对大家有所帮助。