python推导式详解

1、列表推导式

>>> number_list = [i for i in range(3)]
>>> number_list
[0, 1, 2]
>>> number_list = [num - 1 for num in range(3)]
>>> number_list
[-1, 0, 1]
>>> #创建偶数列表
... list_a = [ i for i in range(6) if i %2 == 1]
>>> list_a
[1, 3, 5]
>>> #嵌套循环
... rows = range(4)
>>> cols = range(3)
>>> cells = [(row, col) for row in rows for col in cols] 
>>> for cell in cells:
...   print(cell)
...
(0, 0)
(0, 1)
(0, 2)
(1, 0)
(1, 1)
(1, 2)
(2, 0)
(2, 1)
(2, 2)
(3, 0)
(3, 1)
(3, 2)                                                                                                                  

2、字典推导式

>>> word = 'letters'  #统计单词中每个字母出现的次数，并用dict表示出来
>>> letter_counts = {letter:word.count(letter) for letter in word}
>>> letter_counts
{'l': 1, 'e': 2, 't': 2, 'r': 1, 's': 1}
>>> letter_counts = {letter:word.count(letter) for letter in set(word)}
>>> letter_counts
{'l': 1, 'e': 2, 't': 2, 'r': 1, 's': 1}

3、集合推导式

>>> a_set = {number for number in range(1,12) if number % 3 == 0}
>>> a_set
{9, 3, 6}

4、生成器推导式

>>> number_thing = (number for number in range(1,6))
>>> type(number_thing)
<class 'generator'>
>>> for number in number_thing:
...   print(number)
...
1
2
3
4
5
'''
生成器已经迭代完成，再次迭代生成器，已经被擦除了
>>> number_thing
<generator object <genexpr> at 0x0000024525117448>
>>> for i in number_thing:
...   print(i)
...
>>>   
'''  
>>> number_thing = (number for number in range(1,6))
>>> number_list = list(number_thing)
>>> number_list
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]