Python - requests库

Requests：“HTTP for Humans”

Requests使用Python语言编写，基于urllib，但是它比urllib更加方便，可以节约我们大量的工作，完全满足HTTP测试需求。

中文文档：http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/index.html
github地址：http://github.com/requests/requests

1、发送get请求

import requests

headers = {
           'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
}
data = {'xx':'xx'}
rq = requests.get('https://xxx/',headers=headers,params=data)

#属性

#查询响应内容

print(rq.text) #返回unicode格式的数据，这个是str的数据类型 res.content.decode('utf-8') 乱码手动解码方式

# print(rq.content) #返回字节流数据，这个是直接从网络上抓取的数据，没有经过任何的编码，所以是一个bytes类型，其实在硬盘上和网络上传输的字符串都是bytes类型 

# print(rq.url)

2、发送post请求

rq = requests.post(‘https://xxx’,data=data)

import requests

headers = {
           'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
}
url = 'xxx'
data = {'xxx'}
rq = requests.post(url,headers=headers,data=data)
print(rq.text)

2、在请求的方法中传入proxies参数

import requests

proxy = {'http':'113.120.146.188:9999'

}
url = 'http://httpbin.org/ip'
rq = requests.get(url,proxies=proxy)
print(rq.text)

3、处理 --cookie

import requests

url = 'https://www.XXX.com/'
headers = {
           'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36',
            'cookie':'xxx'
}
rp = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
print(rp.text)

Session：共享cookie

url = 'https://xxx'
data = {'username':'xxx',
                    'xxx'
}
headers = {
           'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.100 Safari/537.36'
}

#登陆
session  = requests.Session()
session.post(url,headers=headers,data=data)

url1 = 'https://xxx'
rp = session.get(url1)
print(rp.text)

4、处理证书 --verify参数

import requests

url = 'http://xxx'
rp = requests.get(url,verify=False)
print(rp.content.decode('utf-8'))