第五十六题:
给定一个二叉树和其中的一个结点,请找出中序遍历顺序的下一个结点并且返回。注意,树中的结点不仅包含左右子结点,同时包含指向父结点的指针。
思路:
以该二叉树为例,中序遍历为:{D,B,H,E,I,A,F,C,G}
仔细观察,可以把中序下一结点归为几种类型:
-
有右子树,下一结点是右子树中的最左结点,例如 B,下一结点是 H
-
无右子树,且结点是该结点父结点的左子树,则下一结点是该结点的父结点,例如 H,下一结点是 E
-
无右子树,且结点是该结点父结点的右子树,则我们一直沿着父结点追朔,直到找到某个结点是其父结点的左子树,如果存在这样的结点,那么这个结点的父结点就是我们要找的下一结点。例如 I,下一结点是 A;例如 G,并没有符合情况的结点,所以 G 没有下一结点
代码:
/*
public class TreeLinkNode {
int val;
TreeLinkNode left = null;
TreeLinkNode right = null;
TreeLinkNode next = null;
TreeLinkNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
*/
public class Solution {
public TreeLinkNode GetNext(TreeLinkNode pNode) {
// 1.
if (pNode.right != null) {
TreeLinkNode pRight = pNode.right;
while (pRight.left != null) {
pRight = pRight.left;
}
return pRight;
}
// 2.
if (pNode.next != null && pNode.next.left == pNode) {
return pNode.next;
}
// 3.
if (pNode.next != null) {
TreeLinkNode pNext = pNode.next;
while (pNext.next != null && pNext.next.right == pNext) {
pNext = pNext.next;
}
return pNext.next;
}
return null;
}
}
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第五十七题:
请实现一个函数,用来判断一颗二叉树是不是对称的。注意,如果一个二叉树同此二叉树的镜像是同样的,定义其为对称的。
思路:首先根节点以及其左右子树,左子树的左子树和右子树的右子树相同
左子树的右子树和右子树的左子树相同即可,采用递归
非递归也可,采用栈或队列存取各级子树根节点
代码:
/*
public class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
*/
public class Solution {
boolean isSymmetrical(TreeNode pRoot)
{
if(pRoot == null){
return true;
}
return comRoot(pRoot.left, pRoot.right);
}
private boolean comRoot(TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(left == null) return right==null;
if(right == null) return false;
if(left.val != right.val) return false;
return comRoot(left.right, right.left) && comRoot(left.left, right.right);
}
}
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第五十八题:
请实现一个函数按照之字形打印二叉树,即第一行按照从左到右的顺序打印,第二层按照从右至左的顺序打印,第三行按照从左到右的顺序打印,其他行以此类推。
思路:
代码:
import java.util.*;
/*
public class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
*/
public class Solution {
public static ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> Print(TreeNode pRoot) {
int layer = 1;
//s1存奇数层节点
Stack<TreeNode> s1 = new Stack<TreeNode>();
s1.push(pRoot);
//s2存偶数层节点
Stack<TreeNode> s2 = new Stack<TreeNode>();
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> list = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
while (!s1.empty() || !s2.empty()) {
if (layer%2 != 0) {
ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<Integer>();
while (!s1.empty()) {
TreeNode node = s1.pop();
if(node != null) {
temp.add(node.val);
System.out.print(node.val + " ");
s2.push(node.left);
s2.push(node.right);
}
}
if (!temp.isEmpty()) {
list.add(temp);
layer++;
System.out.println();
}
} else {
ArrayList<Integer> temp = new ArrayList<Integer>();
while (!s2.empty()) {
TreeNode node = s2.pop();
if(node != null) {
temp.add(node.val);
System.out.print(node.val + " ");
s1.push(node.right);
s1.push(node.left);
}
}
if (!temp.isEmpty()) {
list.add(temp);
layer++;
System.out.println();
}
}
}
return list;
}
}
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第五十九题:
从上到下按层打印二叉树,同一层结点从左至右输出。每一层输出一行。
思路:
代码:
import java.util.*;
/*
public class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
*/
/*
* 队列LinkedList完成层序遍历,用end记录每层结点数目
*/
public class Solution {
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer> > Print(TreeNode pRoot) {
ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
if(pRoot == null){
return result;
}
Queue<TreeNode> layer = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
ArrayList<Integer> layerList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
layer.add(pRoot);
int start = 0, end = 1;
while(!layer.isEmpty()){
TreeNode cur = layer.remove();
layerList.add(cur.val);
start++;
if(cur.left!=null){
layer.add(cur.left);
}
if(cur.right!=null){
layer.add(cur.right);
}
if(start == end){
end = layer.size();
start = 0;
result.add(layerList);
layerList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
}
}
return result;
}
}
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第六十题:
请实现两个函数,分别用来序列化和反序列化二叉树
思路:
代码:
import java.util.*;
/*
public class TreeNode {
int val = 0;
TreeNode left = null;
TreeNode right = null;
public TreeNode(int val) {
this.val = val;
}
}
*/
//采用层序遍历,不需要将转化为完全二叉树的简单方法
public class Solution {
String Serialize(TreeNode root) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
if(root != null)
queue.add(root);
while(!queue.isEmpty()){
TreeNode node = queue.poll();
if(node != null){
queue.offer(node.left);
queue.offer(node.right);
sb.append(node.val + ",");
}else{
sb.append("#" + ",");
}
}
if(sb.length() != 0)
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length()-1);
return sb.toString();
}
TreeNode Deserialize(String str) {
TreeNode head = null;
if(str == null || str.length() == 0)
return head;
String[] nodes = str.split(",");
TreeNode[] treeNodes = new TreeNode[nodes.length];
for(int i=0; i<nodes.length; i++){
if(!nodes[i].equals("#"))
treeNodes[i] = new TreeNode(Integer.valueOf(nodes[i]));
}
for(int i=0, j=1; j<treeNodes.length; i++){
if(treeNodes[i] != null){
treeNodes[i].left = treeNodes[j++];
treeNodes[i].right = treeNodes[j++];
}
}
return treeNodes[0];
}
}
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