力扣刷题0722

216. 组合总和 III

找出所有相加之和为 n 的 k 个数的组合，且满足下列条件：

只使用数字1到9
每个数字 最多使用一次
返回 所有可能的有效组合的列表 。该列表不能包含相同的组合两次，组合可以以任何顺序返回。
题目链接：链接

自己理解题目：

class Solution:
    def combinationSum3(self, k: int, n: int) -> List[List[int]]:
        res=[]
        path=[]

        def nsum(n,k,left):
            if n==0 and len(path)==k:
                res.append(path[:])
                return
            if n<0:
                return
            for i in range(left,10):
                path.append(i)
                nsum(n-i,k,i+1)
                path.pop()
        nsum(n,k,1)
        #def nusm(k,n,sum,left):
        #    if len(path)==k and n==sum:
        #        res.append(path[:])
        #        return
        #    if n<sum:
        #        return
        #    for i in range(left,10):
        #        sum+=i
        #        path.append(i)
        #        nusm(k,n,sum,i+1)
        #        sum-=i
        #        path.pop()
        #nusm(k,n,0,1)
        return res

参考代码：

class Solution:
    def combinationSum3(self, k: int, n: int) -> List[List[int]]:
        result = []  # 存放结果集
        self.backtracking(n, k, 0, 1, [], result)
        return result

    def backtracking(self, targetSum, k, currentSum, startIndex, path, result):
        if currentSum > targetSum:  # 剪枝操作
            return  # 如果path的长度等于k但currentSum不等于targetSum，则直接返回
        if len(path) == k:
            if currentSum == targetSum:
                result.append(path[:])
            return
        for i in range(startIndex, 9 - (k - len(path)) + 2):  # 剪枝
            currentSum += i  # 处理
            path.append(i)  # 处理
            self.backtracking(targetSum, k, currentSum, i + 1, path, result)  # 注意i+1调整startIndex
            currentSum -= i  # 回溯
            path.pop()  # 回溯

总结：链接

17. 电话号码的字母组合

给定一个仅包含数字 2-9 的字符串，返回所有它能表示的字母组合。答案可以按 任意顺序 返回。

给出数字到字母的映射如下（与电话按键相同）。注意 1 不对应任何字母。

题目链接：链接

自己理解题目：

lass Solution:
    def letterCombinations(self, digits: str) -> List[str]:
        s=''
        res=[]
        dic={0:'',1:'',2:'abc',3:'def',4:'ghi',5:'jkl',6:'mno',7:'pqrs',8:'tuv',9:'wxyz'}
        def backtrace(digits,indexd,s):
            if indexd==len(digits):
                res.append(s)
                return
            digit=digits[indexd]
            letter=dic[digit]
            for i in dic[digits[index]]:
                s+=letter[i]
                backtrace(digits,indexd+1,s)
                s-=letter[i]
        backtrace(digits,0,s)
        return res

参考代码：

回溯

class Solution:
    def __init__(self):
        self.letterMap = [
            "",     # 0
            "",     # 1
            "abc",  # 2
            "def",  # 3
            "ghi",  # 4
            "jkl",  # 5
            "mno",  # 6
            "pqrs", # 7
            "tuv",  # 8
            "wxyz"  # 9
        ]
        self.result = []
        self.s = ""
    
    def backtracking(self, digits, index):
        if index == len(digits):
            self.result.append(self.s)
            return
        digit = int(digits[index])    # 将索引处的数字转换为整数
        letters = self.letterMap[digit]    # 获取对应的字符集
        for i in range(len(letters)):
            self.s += letters[i]    # 处理字符
            self.backtracking(digits, index + 1)    # 递归调用，注意索引加1，处理下一个数字
            self.s = self.s[:-1]    # 回溯，删除最后添加的字符
    
    def letterCombinations(self, digits):
        if len(digits) == 0:
            return self.result
        self.backtracking(digits, 0)
        return self.result

回溯精简（版本一）

class Solution:
    def __init__(self):
        self.letterMap = [
            "",     # 0
            "",     # 1
            "abc",  # 2
            "def",  # 3
            "ghi",  # 4
            "jkl",  # 5
            "mno",  # 6
            "pqrs", # 7
            "tuv",  # 8
            "wxyz"  # 9
        ]
        self.result = []
    
    def getCombinations(self, digits, index, s):
        if index == len(digits):
            self.result.append(s)
            return
        digit = int(digits[index])
        letters = self.letterMap[digit]
        for letter in letters:
            self.getCombinations(digits, index + 1, s + letter)
    
    def letterCombinations(self, digits):
        if len(digits) == 0:
            return self.result
        self.getCombinations(digits, 0, "")
        return self.result

回溯精简（版本二）

class Solution:
    def __init__(self):
        self.letterMap = [
            "",     # 0
            "",     # 1
            "abc",  # 2
            "def",  # 3
            "ghi",  # 4
            "jkl",  # 5
            "mno",  # 6
            "pqrs", # 7
            "tuv",  # 8
            "wxyz"  # 9
        ]
    
    def getCombinations(self, digits, index, s, result):
        if index == len(digits):
            result.append(s)
            return
        digit = int(digits[index])
        letters = self.letterMap[digit]
        for letter in letters:
            self.getCombinations(digits, index + 1, s + letter, result)
    
    def letterCombinations(self, digits):
        result = []
        if len(digits) == 0:
            return result
        self.getCombinations(digits, 0, "", result)
        return result


回溯优化使用列表

class Solution:
    def __init__(self):
        self.letterMap = [
            "",     # 0
            "",     # 1
            "abc",  # 2
            "def",  # 3
            "ghi",  # 4
            "jkl",  # 5
            "mno",  # 6
            "pqrs", # 7
            "tuv",  # 8
            "wxyz"  # 9
        ]
    
    def getCombinations(self, digits, index, path, result):
        if index == len(digits):
            result.append(''.join(path))
            return
        digit = int(digits[index])
        letters = self.letterMap[digit]
        for letter in letters:
            path.append(letter)
            self.getCombinations(digits, index + 1, path, result)
            path.pop()
    
    def letterCombinations(self, digits):
        result = []
        if len(digits) == 0:
            return result
        self.getCombinations(digits, 0, [], result)
        return result

总结：链接