因为GIL(Global Interpreter Lock(全局解释器锁))存在,且一个CPU同一时间只能执行一个线程(单核多线程为并发而非并行)。
每个线程执行方式:
获取GIL →I/O或操作达到阈值 → 释放GIL
CPU密集操作,计数快速达到阈值,然后触发GIL的释放与再竞争(多个线程切换需消耗资源),所以多线程对CPU密集型代码并不友好。
IO密集操作,IO操作会进行IO等待,开启多线程后线程A等待时,自动切换到线程B,最大化利用CPU,提升程序执行效率。所以python的多线程对IO密集型代码比较友好。
但是多核多线程存在线程颠簸,线程极可能唤醒后又继续等待调度。所以多核更应考虑采用多进程。
import re
import requests
from requests.exceptions import RequestException
from multiprocessing import Pool
def get_one_page(url):
try:
user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) ' \
'Chrome/64.0.3282.140 Safari/537.36'
headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}
response = requests.get(url, headers = headers)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
return None
except RequestException:
return None
def parser(text):
rule = re.compile('<dd>.*?board-index.*?>(.*?)</i>.*?'
+'title="(.*?)" class.*?"star">(.*?)</p>.*?releasetime">(.*?)</p>'
+'.*?integer">(.*?)</i>.*?fraction">(.*?)</i>', re.S)
contents = re.findall(rule,text)
for item in contents:
yield {
'rank': item[0],
'name': item[1],
'actor': item[2].strip()[3:],
'time': item[3][5:],
'score': item[4]+item[5]
}
return contents
def save2file(contents):
with open('TOP100榜单.txt','a',encoding='utf-8') as f:
pattern = ('排名:%8s 片名:%4s 主演:%4s 上映时间:%4s 评分:%4s'
%(contents.get('rank'),contents.get('name'),contents.get('actor'),contents.get('time'),contents.get('score')))
f.write(pattern + '\n')
f.close()
def main(num):
url = 'http://maoyan.com/board/4?offset=' + str(num)
text = get_one_page(url)
contents = parser(text)
for each in contents:
save2file(each)
if __name__ == '__main__':
pool = Pool()
pool.map(main,[i*10 for i in range(10)])