(持续更新)2021-01-19-SQL(SQLZOO More Join)刷题精华部分-HK

SQLZOO-More Join

小目录:

  • 如何连接三个表;
  • 用非主键变量筛选导致的错误;(More Join-12题)
  • 使用group by+having count进行分组统计(More Join-13题)
  • 用分组计数值进行排序(More Join-14题)
  • 洋葱式嵌套-简单暴力的逻辑拆解(More Join-15题)

正文:

  1. 如何连接三个表:

把带有其他两个表的连接条件的那个表放在两次LEFT JOIN的中间,作为连接的枢纽;
示例:
其中的表casting包含了表movie和actor的movieid和actorid

select title, name
from movie LEFT JOIN casting ON (movie.id = casting.movieid)
           LEFT JOIN actor ON (actor.id = casting.actorid)
where ord=1
   && yr = 1962
  1. 用非主键变量筛选导致的错误

示例:(More Join-12题)
这里的筛选使用了Title,这是一个非主键变量,Title不是唯一的,会有两个内容不同的电影使用同一个Title,故在title IN这一步,错误的Title会借正确的Title之名通过筛选条件而与正确的Title一起被SELECT出来。

SELECT distinct title, name FROM
  movie JOIN casting ON (movie.id=movieid)
        JOIN actor   ON (actorid=actor.id)
WHERE  title IN (select title
                  from  movie JOIN casting ON movie.id=movieid
                              JOIN actor   ON actorid=actor.id
                 where name='Julie Andrews'
)
&& ord = 1

应该使用id作为筛选条件(唯一性):
这里是movieid作为主键筛选条件

SELECT distinct title, name FROM
  movie JOIN casting ON (movie.id=movieid)
        JOIN actor   ON (actorid=actor.id)
WHERE  movieid IN (select movieid
                    from casting
                   where actorid = (select id 
                                     from actor
                                    where name='Julie Andrews')
)
&& ord = 1
  1. 使用group by+having count进行分组统计
    对name进行分组,并统计每个name下的ord=1条件的数量。筛选计数条件要用having。

示例:(More Join-13题)

select name
from actor JOIN casting ON casting.actorid=actor.id
where ord=1
group by name
having count(name)>=15
order by name
  1. 用分组计数值进行排序
    先对数据分组,再order。分组的对象是这个分组计数值的所有者,如一群actor的所有者是一部movie,故对movieid分组,再对actorid计数,就是分组计数;

示例:(More Join-14题)

select title, count(actorid) a
from casting JOIN movie ON casting.movieid = movie.id
where yr = 1978
group by movie.id, title
order by a DESC, title
  1. 洋葱式嵌套-简单暴力的逻辑拆解

示例:(More Join-15题)

逻辑路线:
AG的name -> AG的id -> AG电影的id <- 演员的id <- 演员的name

在逻辑路线的中心连接处“AG电影的id” 使用IN进行对象转换,从AG侧转换到了演员侧;

(缺点是:重复连接了两次actor和casting,肯定有什么优化的办法,暂时没想到)

select distinct name 
from actor JOIN casting ON actor.id = casting.actorid
where  movieid IN (select movieid 
                     from casting JOIN actor ON actor.id = casting.actorid
                    where actorid = (select id 
                                       from actor
                                      where name = 'Art Garfunkel')
)
&& name != 'Art Garfunkel'
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