- SpringIOC容器可以自动装配Bean.需要做的仅仅是在的autowire属性里指定自动装配的模式
- byType(根据类型自动装配):若IOC容器中有多个与目标Bean类型一致的Bean.在这种情况下,Spring将无法判定哪个Bean最适合该属性,所以不能执行自动装配
- byName(根据名称自动装配):必须将目标Bean的名称和属性名设置的完全相同
- constructor(通过构造器自动装配):当Bean中存在多个构造器时,此种自动装配方式将会很复杂,不推荐使用
XML配置里的Bean自动装配的缺点
- 在Bean配置文件里设置autowire属性进行自动装配将会装配Bean的所有属性。然而,若只希望装配个别属性时,autowire属性就不够灵活了。
- autowire属性要么根据类型自动装配,要么根据名称自动装配,不能两者兼而有之。
- 一般情况下,在实际的项目中很少使用自动装配功能,因为和自动装配功能所带来的好处比起来,明确清晰的配置文档更有说服力一些。
例子程序:
程序的结构
Address.java
package com.spring.beans.autowire;
public class Address {
private String city;
private String street;
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getStreet() {
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
this.street = street;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"city='" + city + '\'' +
", street='" + street + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
Car.java
package com.spring.beans.autowire;
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car{" +
"brand='" + brand + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
'}';
}
}
Person.java
package com.spring.beans.autowire;
public class Person {
private String name;
private Address address;
private Car car;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
", car=" + car +
'}';
}
}
beans-autowire.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id = "address" class="com.spring.beans.autowire.Address"
p:city="BeiJing" p:street="HuiLongGuan"></bean>
<bean id = "address2" class="com.spring.beans.autowire.Address"
p:city="DaLian" p:street="ZhongShan"></bean>
<bean id="car" class="com.spring.beans.autowire.Car"
p:brand="Audi" p:price="300000"></bean>
<!--
之前的配置方法
<bean id="person" class="com.spring.beans.autowire.Person" p:name="Tom" p:address-ref="address" p:car-ref="car"></bean>
-->
<!--
可以使用autowire 属性指定自动装配的方式
byName 根据 bean 的名字和当前bean的setter风格的属性名进行自动装配,若有匹配的,则进行自动装配若没有匹配的,则不装配
byType 根据 bean 的类型和当前bean的属性的类型进行自动装配。若IOC 容器中有1个以上的类型匹配的bean,则抛异常。
-->
<bean id="person" class="com.spring.beans.autowire.Person"
p:name="Tom" autowire="byName"></bean>
<!--<bean id="person" class="com.spring.beans.autowire.Person"
p:name="Tom" autowire="byType"></bean>
这里会报错,因为byType要求只有一个相关bean,而现在有两个address-->
</beans>
Main.java
package com.spring.beans.autowire;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-autowire.xml");
Person person = (Person)ctx.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
}