非界面方式配置oracle实例

系统环境：CentOS6.5，oracle 11g
详细参数解释，请参考官方文档：oracle 11g DBA官方手册

1、配置环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=test_db
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

2、创建文件存储目录
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test_db
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/logs/test_db/u01
mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/logs/test_db/u02

3、创建初始化参数文件pfile
– 启动数据库时，默认查找的文件路径
vim $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsms.ora(init+sid)
在initsms.ora中至少添加如下参数：
DB_NAME=test_db
CONTROL_FILES=($ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test_db/control01.ctl,$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/test_db/control02.ctl)
MEMORY_TARGET=1G

4、连接到实例
连接到环境变量ORACLE_SID指定的实例
sqlplus /nolog
conn / as sysdba

5、创建服务器初始化文件spfile
读取默认路径的默认pfile文件($ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsms.ora(init+sid))来生成spile文件到默认路径
CREATE SPFILE FROM PFILE;

6、已nomount方式启动实例
STARTUP NOMOUNT

7、执行creat database语句

确保文件夹/home/oracle/app/oracle/logs/test_db/u01和/home/oracle/app/oracle/logs/test_db/u02已存在

CREATE DATABASE test_db
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY test_db
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY test_db
LOGFILE GROUP 1 (’/home/oracle/app/oracle/logs/test_db/u01/redo01a.log’,’/home/oracle/app/oracle/logs/test_db/u02/redo01b.log’) SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 (’/home/oracle/app/oracle/logs/test_db/u01/redo02a.log’,’/home/oracle/app/oracle/logs/test_db/u02/redo02b.log’) SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 (’/home/oracle/app/oracle/logs/test_db/u01/redo03a.log’,’/home/oracle/app/oracle/logs/test_db/u02/redo03b.log’) SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test_db/system01.dbf’ SIZE 1024M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test_db/sysaux01.dbf’ SIZE 1024M REUSE
DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
DATAFILE ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test_db/users01.dbf’
SIZE 2048M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test_db/temp01.dbf’
SIZE 2048M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test_db/undotbs01.dbf’
SIZE 2048M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

8、创建额外表空间
CREATE TABLESPACE DEFAULT_TBS
DATAFILE ‘/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test_db/smsdefault_tbs.dbf’
SIZE 1024M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 100M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

9、执行数字字典
conn / as sysdba
@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql

conn system/test_db
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

10、备份数据库（可选）

11、创建监听
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
vim listener.ora
输入以下内容
LISTENER=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))))
12、启动监听
lsnrctl start

13、检查是否成功
sqlplus system/test_db@localhost/test_db