Netty三个组件
- selector
- chennel
- buffer
以往的socket编程服务端伪代码
//建立服务端绑定端口号
ServerSocket serverSocket = .....
serverSocket.bind(8899)
//让socket建立在一个while（true）里面保证可以让其他客户端链接
while(true){
//一直等待有新的客户链家
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞方法
//新建一个线程不会阻塞上面的等待方法
new Thread(socket);
//执行相应的socket操作
run(){
socket.getInputStream();
...
...
..
}
}
建立客户端的伪代码（建立链接成功之后会开辟一个8899之外的端口来链接双向的消息传递）
//链接到8899的端口
Socket socket = new Socket("localhost",8899);
socket.connect();
NIO可以利用selector对象实现一个线程控制多个线程的方法。
public class NioTest12 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
int[] ports = new int[5];
ports[0] = 5000;
ports[1] = 5001;
ports[2] = 5002;
ports[3] = 5003;
ports[4] = 5004;
Selector selector = Selector.open();
for (int i = 0;i<ports.length;i++){
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
//false不阻塞 true阻塞
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
ServerSocket serverSocket = serverSocketChannel.socket();
InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress(ports[i]);
serverSocket.bind(address);
//获取链接建立真正的链接对象
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
System.out.println("监听端口:"+ports[i]);
}
while (true){
int numbers = selector.select();
System.out.println("numbers:"+numbers);
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
System.out.println("seleectedKeys:"+selectionKeys);
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = selectionKeys.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next();
if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()){
//真正关联的serversocket对象
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel= (ServerSocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
socketChannel.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
iterator.remove();
System.out.println("获得客户端链接:"+socketChannel);
}else if (selectionKey.isReadable()){
SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
int bytesRead = 0;
while (true){
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(512);
byteBuffer.clear();
int read = socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
if(read>0){
break;
}
byteBuffer.flip();
socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
bytesRead += read;
}
System.out.println("读取:"+bytesRead+",来自于:"+socketChannel);
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
}
}
编写一个关于Nio的服务端与客户端
客户端
package com.nio;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* @Author 晨边#CB
* @Date:created in 2020/2/2 15:28
* @Version V1.0
**/
public class NioClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
try {
SocketChannel socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
Selector selector = Selector.open();
socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
socketChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8899));
while (true) {
selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> keySet = selector.selectedKeys();
for (SelectionKey selectionKey : keySet) {
if (selectionKey.isConnectable()) {
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
if (client.isConnectionPending()) {
client.finishConnect();
ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
writeBuffer.put((LocalDateTime.now() + "链接成功").getBytes());
writeBuffer.flip();
client.write(writeBuffer);
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(Executors.defaultThreadFactory());
executorService.submit(() -> {
while (true) {
try {
writeBuffer.clear();
InputStreamReader input = new InputStreamReader(System.in);
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(input);
String sendMessage = br.readLine();
writeBuffer.put(sendMessage.getBytes());
writeBuffer.flip();
client.write(writeBuffer);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
//主持读取事件
client.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
} else if (selectionKey.isReadable()) {
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) selectionKey.channel();
ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int count = client.read(readBuffer);
if (count > 0) {
String receivedMessage = new String(readBuffer.array(), 0, count);
System.out.println(receivedMessage);
}
}
}
keySet.clear();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务端
package com.nio;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* @Author 晨边#CB
* @Date:created in 2020/2/2 14:33
* @Version V1.0
**/
public class NioServer {
private static Map<String ,SocketChannel> clientMap = new HashMap<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
//配置成非阻塞的
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
ServerSocket serverSocket = serverSocketChannel.socket();
//绑定端口号
serverSocket.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8899));
Selector selector = Selector.open();
//将sevrerSocketChannel注册到selector上面,关注事件注册
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
while (true){
try{
//返回所关注的事件的数量
selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> selectionKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
selectionKeys.forEach(selectionKey -> {
final SocketChannel client;
try{
if (selectionKey.isAcceptable()){
ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
client = server.accept();
client.configureBlocking(false);
//关注事件读取
client.register(selector,SelectionKey.OP_READ);
String key = "【"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString()+"】";
//客户端注册完毕
clientMap.put(key,client);
}else if(selectionKey.isReadable()){
client = (SocketChannel)selectionKey.channel();
ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
int count = client.read(readBuffer);
if(count>0){
readBuffer.flip();
Charset charset = Charset.forName("utf-8");
String receiveMessage = String.valueOf(charset.decode(readBuffer).array());
//输出客户端发送的消息
System.out.println(client+":"+receiveMessage);
String senderkey = null;
for (Map.Entry<String,SocketChannel> entry:clientMap.entrySet()){
if (client == entry.getValue()){
senderkey= entry.getKey();
break;
}
}
for (Map.Entry<String,SocketChannel> entry:clientMap.entrySet()){
SocketChannel value = entry.getValue();
ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
writeBuffer.put((senderkey+":"+receiveMessage).getBytes());
writeBuffer.flip();
value.write(writeBuffer);
}
}
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
});
selectionKeys.clear();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
字符编码解析
ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange,美国信息交换标准代码)
- 7 bit来表示一个字符，共计表示128种字符
ISO-8859-1（向下完全兼容ASCII码）
- 8 bit表示一个字符，即用一个字符（byte）（8bit）来表示一个字符，共计可表示256个字符
- 充分利用上字节数
gb2312
- 两个字节表示一个汉字
gbk（表示不全）
gb18030( 对gbk的扩展)
big5（台湾的）
unicode（最广泛最全的字符表示），并没有解决，存储容量问题出现
- 采用两个字节表示一个字符
UTF(Unicode Translation Format)
unicode是一种编码方式，而UTF则是一种存储方式；UTF-8是Unicode的实现方式之一
UTF-16LE（little endian），UTF16-BE（big endian）
Zero Width No-Break Space，0xFEFF（BE） 0xFFFE（LE）
UTF-8，变长字节表示形式
一般来说，UTF-8会通过3个字节l来表示中文。
BOM（Byte Order Mark）
utf-8解码情况如下：
中文: 您好
对应的码类似为: AA AB AC BA BB BC
六个英文表示一个中文字符。
但是如果利用别的解码方式解码的话可能两个英文就给你解码出来，表示才不一样。
如果你编码和解码都用同一个方式，输出的文件就没有错误的。
视频链接：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av33707223?p=42
–https://www.bilibili.com/video/av33707223?p=47
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