1.概念
Servlet(Servlet applet 服务器端小程序)是运行在服务端的Java小程序,是sun公司提供的一套规范(接口),用来处理客户端请求,响应给浏览器的动态资源,但servlet实质就是Java代码,通过Java的API动态的向客户端输出内容
Servlet规范(三大组件):
Servlet技术(最重要)
filter技术----过滤器
listener技术----监听器
2.Servlet的作用:
获取请求数据
处理请求
完成响应
3.Servlet实现步骤
创建类实现servlet接口
覆盖尚未实现的方法:重点实现service方法
在web.xml中进行servlet的配置
<servlet><!-- 注册servlet-->
<servlet-name>servletTest01</servlet-name><!-- servlet名称,当前xml中唯一 -->
<servlet-class>com.yunding.day15.ServletTest01</servlet-class><!-- servlet实现类的全称 -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping><!-- 给注册的servlet添加映射路径 -->
<servlet-name>servletTest01</servlet-name><!-- 必须和上面的servlet-name相一致 -->
<url-pattern>/abc</url-pattern><!-- http访问时资源的虚拟路径,以/开始,相当于代替上面实现类的地址 -->
</servlet-mapping>
4.Servlet的配置
<url-pattern>的匹配方式:
1)完全匹配 访问的资源和配置的资源完全相同才能访问到
<url-pattern>/abc</url-pattern> //访问时要访问abc
2)目录匹配 格式:/虚拟的目录.../* *代表任意
<url-pattern>/a/b/c/*</url-pattern>
3)扩展名匹配
<url-pattern>*.ab</url-pattern>
服务器启动实例化servlet配置
在servlet的配置中,加上<load-on-startup> servlet对象在服务器启动时就创建
<!-- 代表servlet在服务器启动时创建对象 -->
<!-- 数字代表优先级,数字越小优先级越高 -->
<load-on-startup>3</load-on-startup>
缺省servlet
将 <url-pattern>配置一个/,代表该servlet是缺省的servlet
也就是当访问资源地址所有的servlet都不匹配时,缺省的servlet负责处理
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
其实,web中所有的访问资源的响应都是servlet负责,包括静态资源
欢迎页面
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
先找index.html,找不到再找index.htm.....
5.Servlet的API(生命周期)
1)init(ServletConfig arg0)
何时执行:servlet对象创建的时候执行(默认第一次访问servlet时创建该对象)
ServletConfig:代表的是该servlet对象的配置信息
2)service(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response)
何时执行:每次请求都会执行(每次访问必然执行的方法)
ServletRequest :代表请求 认为ServletRequest 内部封装的是 http请求的信息
ServletResponse :代表响应 认为要封装的是响应的信息
3)destroy()
何时执行:servlet销毁的时候执行(服务器关闭servlet就销毁了)
整个过程
6.HttpServlet
右击-new-servlet
package com.yunding.day15;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.getWriter().write("hello servlet!!!");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
7.ServletContext对象
什么是ServletContext?
ServletContext代表一个web应用的环境(上下文)对象,ServletContext对象内部封装是该web应用的信息,ServletContext对象一个web应用只有一个
怎样获得ServletContext对象?
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
ServletContext的作用?
1)获得web应用的全局的初始化参数
在web.xml中配置初始化参数
获得初始化参数
2)获得web应用中任何资源的绝对路径(重要)
方法:String path=context.getRealPath(相对于web应用的相对地址);
demo:分别获取a.txt b.txt c.txt d.txt的真实路径
4个文件的位置
代码如下
package com.yunding;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class GetRealPathTest extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = getServletContext();
// 获得a.txt的绝对路径
String realPath_a = context.getRealPath("/a.txt");
System.out.println(realPath_a);
// 获得b.txt的绝对路径
String realPath_b = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/b.txt");
System.out.println(realPath_b);
// 获得a.txt的绝对路径
String realPath_c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/c.txt");
System.out.println(realPath_c);
//d.txt获取不到
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
在读取src(classes)下的资源时可以同类加载器----专门加载classes下的文件的
getResource()参数是一个相对地址,相对classes
获得c.txt也可使用如下方式:
package com.yunding;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig;
public class Real extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String path =Real.class.getClassLoader().getResource("c.txt").getPath();
System.out.println(path);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
3)ServletContext是一个域对象(重要)
什么是域对象?什么是域?
存储数据的区域就是域对象
ServletContext域对象的作用范围:整个web应用(所有的web资源都可以随意向ServletContext 域中存取资源,数据可以共享)
context.setAttribute("name", "zhangsan");//域对象 向ServletContext中存数据
String name = (String) this.getServletContext().getAttribute("name");//从ServletContext域中取对象
域对象的通用的方法:
setAtrribute(String name,Object obj);
getAttribute(String name);
removeAttribute(String name);
demo:记录成功登陆系统的人数
web.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>day15_login</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>loginTestServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yunding.day15_login.LoginTestServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>loginTestServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>loginTestServlet1</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.yunding.day15_login.Count</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>loginTestServlet1</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
count servlet用来为ServletContext域添加数据
package com.yunding.day15_login;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class Count extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int count=0;
this.getServletContext().setAttribute("count", count);
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
LoginTestServlet类记录人数
package com.yunding.day15_login;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import com.yunding.domain.User;
import com.yunding.utils.DataSourceUtils;
public class LoginTestServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 获取页面请求的参数
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
User user = null;
// 从数据库中验证该用户名邮箱是否正确
try {
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(DataSourceUtils.getDataSource());
String sql = "select * from user where name=? and password=? ";
user = qr.query(sql, new BeanHandler<User>(User.class), username, password);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 根据返回结果给出用户不同的显示信息
if (user != null) {
Integer count = (Integer) this.getServletContext().getAttribute("count");
count++;
// 用户登录成功
response.getWriter().write(user.toString() + "---" + count);
this.getServletContext().setAttribute("count", count);
} else {
// 用户登录失败
response.getWriter().write("sorry!");
}
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
显示页面login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br/>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"/><br/>
邮箱:<input type="text" name="email"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>
注意:测试时要先运行count servlet将count添加映射,即http://localhost:8080/day15_login/login1