String 容器的简单运用--作为学习记录

这是本人第一次编写博客，以后会陆续更新自己的学习记录，希望可以互相学习，欢迎监督！本次为String容器的学习，之后陆续贴上STL中其他容器的使用。

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//初始化
void test01(){

	string s1; //调用无参构造
	string s2(10, 'a');
	string s3("abcdefg"); 
	string s4(s3); //拷贝构造


	cout << s1 << endl;
	cout << s2 << endl;
	cout << s3 << endl;
	cout << s4 << endl;
}

//赋值操作
void test02(){
	
	string s1;
	string s2("appp");
	s1 = "abcdef";
	cout << s1 << endl;
	s1 = s2;
	cout << s1 << endl;
	s1 = 'a';
	cout << s1 << endl;

	//成员方法assign
	s1.assign("jkl");
	cout << s1 << endl;
}

//取值操作
void test03(){


	string s1 = "abcdefg";

	//重载[]操作符
	for (int i = 0; i < s1.size();i++){
		cout << s1[i] << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//at成员函数
	for (int i = 0; i < s1.size(); i++){
		cout << s1.at(i) << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//区别：[]方式 如果访问越界，直接挂了
	//at方式 访问越界 抛异常out_of_range

	try{
		//cout << s1[100] << endl;
		cout << s1.at(100)  << endl;
	}
	catch (...){
		cout << "越界!" << endl;
	}
 
}

//拼接操作
void test04(){
	string s = "abcd";
	string s2 = "1111";
	s += "abcd";
	s += s2;
	cout << s << endl;


	string s3 = "2222";
	s2.append(s3);
	cout << s2 << endl;


	string s4 = s2 + s3;
	cout << s4 << endl;
}

//查找操作
void test05(){
	
	string s = "abcdefghjfgkl";
	//查找第一次出现的位置
	int pos = s.find("fg");
	cout << "pos:" << pos << endl;

	//查找最后一次出现的位置
	pos = s.rfind("fg");
	cout << "pos:" << pos << endl;

}


//string替换
void test06(){
	string s = "abcdefg";
	s.replace(0,2,"111");
	cout << s << endl;
}

//string比较
void test07(){
	
	string s1 = "abcd";
	string s2 = "abce";

	if (s1.compare(s2) == 0){
		cout << "字符串相等!" << endl;
	}
	else{
		cout << "字符串不相等!" << endl;
	}

}

//子串操作
void test08(){
		
	string s = "abcdefg";
	string mysubstr = s.substr(1, 3);
	cout << mysubstr << endl;
}

//插入和删除
void test09(){
	
	string s = "abcdefg";
	s.insert(3,"111");
	cout << s << endl;

	s.erase(0, 2);
	cout << s << endl;
}

int main(void){
	
	//test01();
	//test02();
	//test03();
	//test04();
	//test05();
	//test06();
	//test07();
	//test08();
	test09();


	return 0;
}