双链表中有头结点 & 无头结点的各种基本操作(完整代码)

双链表

代码是用C语言写的,但是bool类型的输出是用C++的cout写的。因为对于布尔类型,C++可以返回true或false,C只能返回1或0。

有头结点的双链表

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<malloc.h>
typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct DNode
{
	ElemType data;
	struct DNode* prior;
	struct DNode* next;
}DNode, * DLinkList;

bool InitDList(DLinkList& L) //初始化单链表
{
	L = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode)); //分配一个头结点
	if (L == NULL) return false; //内存不足,分配失败
	L->prior = NULL; //头结点的prior永远指向NULL
	L->next = NULL; //头结点之后暂时还没有结点
	return true;
}

bool DLinkListEmpty(DLinkList& L) //判断双链表是否为空表
{
	return (L->next == NULL);
}

void CreateListF(DLinkList& L) //头插法创建双链表
{
	DNode* s;
	int num;
	printf("输入:\n"); //键盘随机输入
	scanf("%d", &num);
	while (num != 999)
	{
		s = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
		s->data = num;
		s->next = L->next;
		if (L->next != NULL) s->next->prior = s;
		s->prior = L;
		L->next = s;
		scanf("%d", &num);
	}
}

void CreateListR(DLinkList& L) //尾插法创建单链表
{
	DNode* s, * r = L;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) //循环固定输入
	{
		s = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
		s->data = i;
		r->next = s;
		s->prior = r;
		r = s;
	}
	r->next = NULL;
}

void PrintDList(DLinkList& L) //输出函数
{
	DNode* p = L->next;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		printf("%d ", p->data);
		p = p->next;
	}
}

int DListLength(DLinkList L)
{
	DNode* p = L->next;
	int n = 0;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		n++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	return n;
}

bool DListInsertR(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType e)
{
	DNode* p = L, * s;
	int j = 0;
	if (i <= 0 || p->next == NULL) return false;
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false;
	else
	{
		s = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
		s->data = e;
		s->next = p->next;
		if (p->next != NULL)
			p->next->prior = s;
		s->prior = p;
		p->next = s;
		return true;
	}
}

bool DListInsertF(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType e)
{
	DNode* p = L, * s;
	int j = 0;
	if (i <= 0 || p->next == NULL) return false;  //i输入错误或者双链表只有一个头结点
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false;
	else
	{
		s = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
		s->data = e;
		s->prior = p->prior;
		p->prior->next = s;
		s->next = p;
		p->prior = s;
		return true;
	}
}

bool DListDelete(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType& e)
{
	DNode* p = L;
	int j = 0;
	e = -999; //删除失败时,e的值返回-999
	if (i <= 0 || p->next == NULL) return false;
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false;
	else
	{
		e = p->data;
		p->prior->next = p->next;
		if (p->next != NULL)
			p->next->prior = p->prior;
		free(p);
		return true;
	}
}

bool DListDeleteR(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType& e)
{
	DNode* p = L, * n;
	int j = 0;
	e = -999; //删除失败时,e的值返回-999
	if (i <= 0 || p->next == NULL) return false;
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false;
	else
	{
		if (p->next == NULL) return false; //i是最后一个结点
		e = p->next->data;
		n = p->next; //i的后一个结点
		p->next = n->next;
		if (n->next != NULL) //i的后面只有最后一个结点
			n->next->prior = p;
		free(n);
		return true;
	}
}

bool DListDeleteF(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType& e)
{
	DNode* p = L, * pre;
	int j = 0;
	e = -999; //删除失败时,e的值返回-999
	if (i <= 0 || p->next == NULL) return false;
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false;
	else
	{
		if (i == 1) return false; //i是首结点,除头结点外没有前驱结点
		pre = p->prior;
		e = pre->data;
		pre->prior->next = p;
		p->prior = pre->prior;
		free(pre);
		return true;
	}
}

bool  GetElem(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType& e)
{
	DNode* p = L;
	int j = 0;
	e = -999; //查找失败,e返回-999
	if (i <= 0 || p == NULL) return false; //参数错误
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false; //不存在第i个位置
	else
	{
		e = p->data;
		return true;
	}
}

int  LocateElem(DLinkList& L, ElemType e)
{
	DNode* p = L->next;
	int j = 1;
	while (p != NULL && p->data != e)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return -999; //不存在第i个位置
	else  return j;
}

int main()
{
	DLinkList L;
	InitDList(L); //初始化单链表
	cout << boolalpha << "双链表现在为空吗?-" << DLinkListEmpty(L) << endl;
	printf("\n");

	CreateListR(L); //尾插法创建单链表
	cout << boolalpha << "双链表现在为空吗?-" << DLinkListEmpty(L) << endl;
	printf("\n");

	printf("双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");

	printf("双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	ElemType num;
	int number = 2;
	printf("(按位查找)查找第%d个位置的值:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "查找成功了吗?—" << GetElem(L, 2, num) << endl;
	printf("该位置的值为:%d\n\n", num);

	printf("(按元素值查找)查找值为%d的元素位置:\n", number);
	printf("该元素第一次出现的位置是:%d\n\n", LocateElem(L, 2));

	printf("在第%d个位置后插入一个结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "插入成功了吗?-" << DListInsertR(L, 2, 8) << endl;
	printf("插入后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("插入后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	printf("在第%d个位置前插入一个结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "插入成功了吗?-" << DListInsertF(L, 2, 8) << endl;
	printf("插入后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("插入后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	ElemType num1;
	printf("删除第%d个位置的结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "删除成功了吗?-" << DListDelete(L, 2, num1) << endl;
	printf("删除的值为:%d\n", num1);
	printf("删除后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("删除后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	ElemType num2;
	printf("删除第%d个位置的后一个结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "删除成功了吗?-" << DListDeleteR(L, 2, num2) << endl;
	printf("删除的值为:%d\n", num2);
	printf("删除后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("删除后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	ElemType num3;
	printf("删除第%d个位置的前一个结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "删除成功了吗?-" << DListDeleteF(L, 2, num3) << endl;
	printf("删除的值为:%d\n", num3);
	printf("删除后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("删除后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	return 0;
}

  • 运行结果:
    在这里插入图片描述

无头结点的双链表

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<malloc.h>
typedef int ElemType;
typedef struct DNode
{
	ElemType data;
	struct DNode* prior;
	struct DNode* next;
}DNode, * DLinkList;

void InitDList(DLinkList& L) //初始化双链表
{
	L = NULL;
}

bool DLinkListEmpty(DLinkList& L) //判断双链表是否为空表
{
	return (L == NULL);
}

void CreateListF(DLinkList& L) //头插法创建双链表
{
	DNode* s = L, * p;
	int num;
	printf("输入:\n"); //键盘随机输入
	scanf("%d", &num);
	while (num != 999)
	{
		s = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
		s->data = num;
		if (L == NULL)
		{
			L = s;
			s->next = NULL;
			s->prior = NULL;
			p = s;
		}
		else
		{
			s->next = L;
			L->prior = s;
			L = s;
		}
		scanf("%d", &num);
		L->prior = NULL;
	}
}

void CreateListR(DLinkList& L) //尾插法创建双链表
{
	DNode* s, * r = L;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) //循环固定输入
	{
		s = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
		s->data = i;
		if (L == NULL)
		{
			L = s;
			s->next = NULL;
			s->prior = NULL;
			r = s;
		}
		else
		{
			r->next = s;
			s->prior = r;
			r = r->next;
		}
	}
	r->next = NULL;
}

void PrintDList(DLinkList& L) //输出函数
{
	DNode* p = L;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		printf("%d ", p->data);
		p = p->next;
	}
}

int DListLength(DLinkList L) //求双链表当前的长度
{
	DNode* p = L;
	int n = 0;
	while (p != NULL)
	{
		n++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	return n;
}

bool  GetElem(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType& e) //按元素值查找
{
	DNode* p = L;
	int j = 1;
	e = -999; //查找失败,e返回-999
	if (i <= 0 || p == NULL) return false; //参数错误
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false; //不存在第i个位置
	else
	{
		e = p->data;
		return true;
	}
}

int  LocateElem(DLinkList& L, ElemType e) //按位查找
{
	DNode* p = L;
	int j = 1;
	while (p != NULL && p->data != e)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return -999; //不存在第i个位置
	else  return j;
}

bool DListInsertR(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType e) //第i个位置后插入s结点
{
	DNode* p = L, * s;
	int j = 1;
	if (i <= 0 || p == NULL) return false;
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false;
	else
	{
		s = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode));
		s->data = e;
		s->next = p->next;
		if (p->next != NULL) //第i个结点的下一个结点为NULL
			p->next->prior = s;
		s->prior = p;
		p->next = s;
		return true;
	}
}

bool DListInsertF(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType e) //在第i个位置前插入结点s
{
	DNode* p = L, * s;
	int j = 1;
	if (i <= 0 || p == NULL) return false;  //i输入错误或者双链表只有一个结点
	while (p != NULL && j < i) //找第i个位置
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false; //i个位置不存在
	else
	{
		s = (DNode*)malloc(sizeof(DNode)); //开辟s结点的存储空间
		s->data = e; //s结点的数据域为e的值
		if (p->prior == NULL) //i是首结点(i=1)
		{
			s->next = p; //将结点s连接到L之前
			p->prior = s;
			L = s; //L指向s结点
		}
		else //如果i不是首结点(i≠1)
		{
			s->prior = p->prior;
			p->prior->next = s;
			s->next = p;
			p->prior = s;
		}
		return true;
	}
}

bool DListDelete(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType& e) //删除第i个位置的结点
{
	DNode* p = L, * pre;
	int j = 1;
	e = -999; //删除失败时,e的值返回-999
	if (i <= 0 || p == NULL) return false; //参数错误
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false;
	else
	{
		e = p->data;
		if (i == 1) L = p->next; //如果i是首结点(i=1),L指向p的下一个节点
		else
		{
			p->prior->next = p->next;
			if (p->next != NULL) //如果p的后一个结点为NULL
				p->next->prior = p->prior;
		}
		free(p); //释放i位置的结点
		return true;
	}
}

bool DListDeleteR(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType& e) //删除第i个位置的后一个结点
{
	DNode* p = L, * n;
	int j = 1;
	e = -999; //删除失败时,e的值返回-999
	if (i <= 0 || p == NULL) return false;
	while (p != NULL && j < i)
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false;
	else
	{
		if (p->next == NULL) return false; //i是最后一个结点
		e = p->next->data;
		n = p->next; //i的后一个结点
		p->next = n->next;
		if (n->next != NULL) //i的后面只有最后一个结点
			n->next->prior = p;
		free(n);
		return true;
	}
}

bool DListDeleteF(DLinkList& L, int i, ElemType& e) //删除第i个位置的前一个结点
{
	DNode* p = L, * pre;
	int j = 1;
	e = -999; //删除失败时,e的值返回-999
	if (i <= 1 || p == NULL) return false; //如果i是首结点,则不存在前一个结点
	while (p != NULL && j < i) //找第i个位置
	{
		j++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if (p == NULL) return false; //不存在第i个位置
	else
	{
		pre = p->prior; //第i个位置的前一个结点
		e = pre->data;
		if (pre->prior == NULL) L = p; //如果i=2,让L指向第二个结点
		else
		{
			pre->prior->next = p;
			p->prior = pre->prior;
		}
		free(pre); //释放结点空间
		return true;
	}
}

int main()
{
	DLinkList L;
	InitDList(L); //初始化单链表
	cout << boolalpha << "双链表现在为空吗?—" << DLinkListEmpty(L) << endl;
	printf("\n");

	CreateListF(L); //头插法创建单链表
	cout << boolalpha << "双链表现在为空吗?—" << DLinkListEmpty(L) << endl;
	printf("\n");

	printf("双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");

	printf("双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	ElemType num;
	int number = 2;
	printf("(按位查找)查找第%d个位置的值:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "查找成功了吗?—" << GetElem(L, 2, num) << endl;
	printf("该位置的值为:%d\n\n", num);

	printf("(按元素值查找)查找值为%d的元素位置:\n", number);
	printf("该元素第一次出现的位置是:%d\n\n", LocateElem(L, 2));

	printf("在第%d个位置后插入一个结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "插入成功了吗?—" << DListInsertR(L, 2, 8) << endl;
	printf("插入后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("插入后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	printf("在第%d个位置前插入一个结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "插入成功了吗?—" << DListInsertF(L, 2, 8) << endl;
	printf("插入后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("插入后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	ElemType num1;
	printf("删除第%d个位置的结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "删除成功了吗?—" << DListDelete(L, 2, num1) << endl;
	printf("删除的值为:%d\n", num1);
	printf("删除后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("删除后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	ElemType num2;
	printf("删除第%d个位置的后一个结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "删除成功了吗?—" << DListDeleteR(L, 2, num2) << endl;
	printf("删除的值为:%d\n", num2);
	printf("删除后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("删除后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	ElemType num3;
	printf("删除第%d个位置的前一个结点:\n", number);
	cout << boolalpha << "删除成功了吗?—" << DListDeleteF(L, 2, num3) << endl;
	printf("删除的值为:%d\n", num3);
	printf("删除后双链表L中的各值为:");
	PrintDList(L); //调用函数,输出单链表L
	printf("\n");
	printf("删除后双链表的长度为:%d\n\n", DListLength(L));

	return 0;
}
  • 运行结果:
    在这里插入图片描述
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