设计模式之建造者模式

本文聊一下建造者模式。

3、建造者模式

• 分离了对象子组件的单独构造（由Builder来负责）和装配（由Director负责）。从而可以构造出复杂的对象。这个模式适用于：对象的构建过程复杂。
• 由于实现了构建和装配的解耦，不同的构造器相同的装配也可以构造出不同的对象；相同的构造器不同的装配顺序也可以构造出不同的对象。（实现了构建算法、装配算法的解耦）

代码根据构建一辆车来展示：

• 构建一辆车需要轮子和引擎
• 构建器和装配器接口与实现
• 客户端调用
  1、构建一辆车需要轮子和引擎

public class Car {
    private Engine engine; //发动机
    private Wheel wheel; //轮子

    public Car(Engine engine, Wheel wheel) {
        this.engine = engine;
        this.wheel = wheel;
    }
    public Car() {

    }

    public Engine getEngine() {
        return engine;
    }

    public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
        this.engine = engine;
    }

    public Wheel getWheel() {
        return wheel;
    }

    public void setWheel(Wheel wheel) {
        this.wheel = wheel;
    }
}
class Wheel{
    private String name;

    public Wheel(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}
class  Engine{
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Engine(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

2、构建器和装配器接口与实现

public interface CarBuilder {
    Engine builderEngine();
    Wheel builderWheel();
}
public interface CarDirector {
    /**
     * 组装汽车对象
     * @return
     */
    Car directCar();
}

public class TqqCarBuilder implements CarBuilder{
    @Override
    public Engine builderEngine() {
        return new Engine("tqq牌发动机");
    }

    @Override
    public Wheel builderWheel() {
        return new Wheel("tqq牌车轮子");
    }
}

public class TqqCarDirector implements CarDirector{
    private CarBuilder builder;

    public TqqCarDirector(CarBuilder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }
    @Override
    public Car directCar() {
        Engine engine = builder.builderEngine();
        Wheel wheel = builder.builderWheel();
        Car car = new Car();
        car.setEngine(engine);
        car.setWheel(wheel);
        return car;
    }
}

3、客户端调用

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TqqCarDirector director = new TqqCarDirector(new TqqCarBuilder());
        Car car = director.directCar();
        System.out.println(car.getEngine().getName());
    }
}

开发中常见的场景

• StringBuilder类的append方法
• SQL中的PreparedStatement