一、帮助命令
docker version #显示docker的版本信息
docker info #显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #万能命令
二、镜像命令
1、docker images 查看所有本地的主机镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 2 months ago 13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
-a, --all #列出所有镜像
--digests #只显示镜像的id
-f, --filter filter #条件过滤输出
--format string #模板打印
--no-trunc #不要截断输出
-q, --quiet #仅显示镜像id
2、docker search 搜索镜像
[root@localhost /]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11843 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4514 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 888 [OK]
3、docker pull下载镜像
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest #如果不写tag,默认就是;latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete #分层下载,docker images的核心,联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址
#等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
#指定版本下载
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
4、docker rmi 删除镜像
#指定容器id删除
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 容器id #删除指定的容器
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id #删除指定的多个容器
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) #删除全部的容器
5、容器下载命令
说明:有了镜像才能创建容器,linux下载一个centos来学习
docker pull centos
6、新建容器启动和退出
docker run [可选参数] image
#
--name="Name" #指定容器的名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d #后台方式启动
-it #使用交互方式运行,进行容器查看内容
-p #指定容器的端口,-p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
-P #随机指定容器端口
#测试,启动并进入容器
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@17f5576d59a3 /]# ls #查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令都是不完善的!
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#从容器中退出主机
[root@17f5576d59a3 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
7、列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
#列出正在运行的容器
-a #列出正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? #显示最近创建的容器
-q #只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
17f5576d59a3 centos "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago suspicious_knuth
54eb468f8373 hello-world "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago youthful_nash
c28a47edf2e8 hello-world "/hello" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago elastic_allen
04784aa24b51 hello-world "/hello" 3 weeks ago Exited (0) 3 weeks ago bold_bhabha
8、退出容器
exit #直接容器停止并退出
ctrl + P +Q #容器不停止退出
9、删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果需要强制删除rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器
docker rm -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器
10、启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id #删除容器
docker restart 容器id #重启容器
docker stop 容器id #停止容器
docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器
三、常用的其他命令
1、后台启动容器shell
#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
#问题docke ps,发现centos停止了
#常见的坑,docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台的进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
#ngnix,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止。就是没有程序了
2、查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志
#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 我爱你,亲爱的姑娘!sleep 2;done"
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f277f4eb96a8 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes focused_banzai
#显示日志
-tf #显示日志
--tail number #要显示日志的条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 f277f4eb96a8
3、查看容器中的进程
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top f277f4eb96a8
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY
root 1617 1598 58 23:20 ?
[root@localhost ~]#
4、查看镜像中的元数据
#命令 docker inspect 容器id
[root@localhost /]# docker inspect f277f4eb96a8
[
{
"Id": "f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c",
"Created": "2022-01-04T15:20:30.952594966Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo 我爱你,亲爱的姑娘!sleep 2;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 1617,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-01-04T15:20:31.218457761Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c-json.log",
"Name": "/focused_banzai",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/213ccdc4a882b0e1b872a3a0f40cbbba8fab45f6628b0d81d4658bed2ba22647-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/261ab2a7817f116df90199333202375674fd98bf24885cf55d31452139f9d8ba/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/213ccdc4a882b0e1b872a3a0f40cbbba8fab45f6628b0d81d4658bed2ba22647/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/213ccdc4a882b0e1b872a3a0f40cbbba8fab45f6628b0d81d4658bed2ba22647/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/213ccdc4a882b0e1b872a3a0f40cbbba8fab45f6628b0d81d4658bed2ba22647/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "f277f4eb96a8",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo 我爱你,亲爱的姑娘!sleep 2;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "88bea0b8012a4ab590f163252f6846c8a07dac5d0812765e778188fd48de59df",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/88bea0b8012a",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "c542dfd592a4d652b1e810665ff8d8eb5632092c8a769b2745c16fc0b1dec650",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "60b52d0ee46b697a913b27c07e46e1895f9659ceb5be55013f630a7a85ce7c21",
"EndpointID": "c542dfd592a4d652b1e810665ff8d8eb5632092c8a769b2745c16fc0b1dec650",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
5、进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
#命令
#方式一
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
a3679958c6f3 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds awesome_hellman
#测试
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it a3679958c6f3 /bin/bash
[root@a3679958c6f3 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@a3679958c6f3 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 58 11:49 ? 00:00:36 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo ??????????????????????????????sleep 10;done
root 7 0 0 11:49 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 22 7 0 11:50 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
#方式二
docker attach 容器id
#测试
[root@localhost /]# docker attach a3679958c6f3
正在执行当前的代码...
# docker exec #进入容器后会开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach #进行容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!
6、从容器内拷贝文件到主机
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
#测试
#进入docker容器内部
root@localhost ~]# docker attach 6fe2aa86d6a9
[root@6fe2aa86d6a9 /]# cd home
#在容器内新建一个文件
[root@6fe2aa86d6a9 home]# touch demo.text
[root@6fe2aa86d6a9 home]# ls
demo.text
#退出当前容器
[root@6fe2aa86d6a9 home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6fe2aa86d6a9 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 54 seconds ago friendly_sutherland
#将文件拷贝到主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 6fe2aa86d6a9:/home/demo.text /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
demo.text
#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来使用-V卷的技术,可以实现自动同步