Docker 的常用命令

一、帮助命令

docker version 			#显示docker的版本信息
docker info	   			#显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help  	   #万能命令

帮助文档的地址.

二、镜像命令

1、docker images 查看所有本地的主机镜像

[root@localhost /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   2 months ago   13.3kB

#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG		   镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的ID
CREATED    镜像的创建时间
SIZE	   镜像的大小


  -a, --all             #列出所有镜像
      --digests         #只显示镜像的id
  -f, --filter filter   #条件过滤输出
      --format string   #模板打印
      --no-trunc        #不要截断输出 
  -q, --quiet           #仅显示镜像id

2、docker search 搜索镜像

[root@localhost /]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11843     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4514      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create…   888                  [OK]

3、docker pull下载镜像

#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest	#如果不写tag,默认就是;latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 	#分层下载,docker images的核心,联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 	
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest	#真实地址


#等价于它
docker pull mysql
docker pull  docker.io/library/mysql:latest

#指定版本下载
[root@localhost /]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

4、docker rmi 删除镜像

#指定容器id删除
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 容器id	#删除指定的容器
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id	#删除指定的多个容器
[root@localhost /]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)	#删除全部的容器

5、容器下载命令
说明:有了镜像才能创建容器,linux下载一个centos来学习

docker pull centos

6、新建容器启动和退出

docker run [可选参数] image

# 
--name="Name" 	#指定容器的名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d				#后台方式启动
-it				#使用交互方式运行,进行容器查看内容
-p				#指定容器的端口,-p 8080:8080
	-p	ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p	主机端口:容器端口(常用)
	-p	 容器端口
-P				#随机指定容器端口

#测试,启动并进入容器
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash		
[root@17f5576d59a3 /]# ls	#查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令都是不完善的!
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

#从容器中退出主机
[root@17f5576d59a3 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

7、列出所有运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
	#列出正在运行的容器
-a 	#列出正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=?	#显示最近创建的容器
-q  	#只显示容器的编号

[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND       CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS     NAMES
17f5576d59a3   centos        "/bin/bash"   6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                 suspicious_knuth
54eb468f8373   hello-world   "/hello"      About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             youthful_nash
c28a47edf2e8   hello-world   "/hello"      About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             elastic_allen
04784aa24b51   hello-world   "/hello"      3 weeks ago         Exited (0) 3 weeks ago                   bold_bhabha

8、退出容器

exit	#直接容器停止并退出
ctrl + P +Q	#容器不停止退出

9、删除容器

docker rm 容器id						#删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果需要强制删除rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)		 #删除所有的容器
docker rm -a -q|xargs docker rm      #删除所有的容器

10、启动和停止容器

docker start 容器id		#删除容器
docker restart 容器id		#重启容器
docker stop 容器id		#停止容器
docker kill 容器id		#强制停止当前容器

三、常用的其他命令

1、后台启动容器shell

#命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
#问题docke ps,发现centos停止了

#常见的坑,docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台的进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
#ngnix,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止。就是没有程序了

2、查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志

#自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo 我爱你,亲爱的姑娘!sleep 2;done"


[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
f277f4eb96a8   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             focused_banzai


#显示日志

-tf			 #显示日志
--tail number #要显示日志的条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10  f277f4eb96a8

3、查看容器中的进程

# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top f277f4eb96a8
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY     
root                1617                1598                58                  23:20               ?       
[root@localhost ~]# 

4、查看镜像中的元数据

#命令 docker inspect 容器id

[root@localhost /]# docker inspect f277f4eb96a8
[
    {
        "Id": "f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c",
        "Created": "2022-01-04T15:20:30.952594966Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo 我爱你,亲爱的姑娘!sleep 2;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 1617,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-01-04T15:20:31.218457761Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c/f277f4eb96a800cbaeb16d914e10336c862195b0659fdc67cf2a476cee74143c-json.log",
        "Name": "/focused_banzai",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/213ccdc4a882b0e1b872a3a0f40cbbba8fab45f6628b0d81d4658bed2ba22647-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/261ab2a7817f116df90199333202375674fd98bf24885cf55d31452139f9d8ba/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/213ccdc4a882b0e1b872a3a0f40cbbba8fab45f6628b0d81d4658bed2ba22647/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/213ccdc4a882b0e1b872a3a0f40cbbba8fab45f6628b0d81d4658bed2ba22647/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/213ccdc4a882b0e1b872a3a0f40cbbba8fab45f6628b0d81d4658bed2ba22647/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "f277f4eb96a8",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo 我爱你,亲爱的姑娘!sleep 2;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "88bea0b8012a4ab590f163252f6846c8a07dac5d0812765e778188fd48de59df",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/88bea0b8012a",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "c542dfd592a4d652b1e810665ff8d8eb5632092c8a769b2745c16fc0b1dec650",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "60b52d0ee46b697a913b27c07e46e1895f9659ceb5be55013f630a7a85ce7c21",
                    "EndpointID": "c542dfd592a4d652b1e810665ff8d8eb5632092c8a769b2745c16fc0b1dec650",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

5、进入当前正在运行的容器

#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置

#命令


#方式一
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell

[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
a3679958c6f3   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   15 seconds ago   Up 14 seconds             awesome_hellman

#测试
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it a3679958c6f3 /bin/bash
[root@a3679958c6f3 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@a3679958c6f3 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0 58 11:49 ?        00:00:36 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo ??????????????????????????????sleep 10;done
root          7      0  0 11:49 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         22      7  0 11:50 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef

#方式二

docker  attach 容器id


#测试
[root@localhost /]# docker attach a3679958c6f3
正在执行当前的代码...


# docker exec 	#进入容器后会开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach #进行容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!

6、从容器内拷贝文件到主机

docker cp 容器id:容器内路径	目的的主机路径

#测试

#进入docker容器内部
root@localhost ~]# docker attach 6fe2aa86d6a9
[root@6fe2aa86d6a9 /]# cd  home

#在容器内新建一个文件
[root@6fe2aa86d6a9 home]# touch demo.text
[root@6fe2aa86d6a9 home]# ls
demo.text

#退出当前容器
[root@6fe2aa86d6a9 home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
6fe2aa86d6a9   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) 54 seconds ago             friendly_sutherland

#将文件拷贝到主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 6fe2aa86d6a9:/home/demo.text /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
demo.text

#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来使用-V卷的技术,可以实现自动同步
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