Java 提供了一些常见的加密算法,如 MD5、SHA、AES、DES,现将这些实现方法放进加密工具类 EncryptionUtils
- 使用了
String.format()
来确保每个字节都能够正确的被转化为成十六进制字符串,而且不会因为缺少前导零而导致结果不正确 - 配合
StringBuilder
提高字符串处理效率 - 使用标准字符集 UTF-8 替换默认字符集,保证不同系统的兼容性和一致性。
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;
public class EncryptUtils {
/**
* 将字节数组转化为 16 进制字符串
* @param bytes 字节数组
* @return 16 进制字符串
*/
private static String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (byte b : bytes) {
sb.append(String.format("%02x", b & 0xff));
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* 将 16 进制字符串转化为字节数组
* @param hexString 16 进制字符串
* @return 字节数组
*/
private static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String hexString) {
int len = hexString.length();
byte[] bytes = new byte[len / 2];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
bytes[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
+ Character.digit(hexString.charAt(i+1), 16));
}
return bytes;
}
/**
* 对字符串进行 Base64 编码
* @param str 需要进行编码的字符串
* @return Base64 编码后的字符串
*/
public static String encodeWithBase64(String str) {
byte[] bytes = str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
byte[] encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encode(bytes);
return new String(encoded, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
/**
* 对 Base64 编码的字符串进行解码
* @param encodedStr 需要进行解码的 Base64 编码后的字符串
* @return 解码后的字符串
*/
public static String decodeWithBase64(String encodedStr) {
byte[] encoded = encodedStr.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
byte[] bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encoded);
return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
/**
* 使用 MD5 算法加密字符串
* @param str 待加密的字符串
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String encryptWithMD5(String str) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
byte[] hash = md.digest(str.getBytes());
return byteArrayToHexString(hash);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 使用 SHA-1 算法加密字符串
* @param str 待加密的字符串
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String encryptWithSHA1(String str) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1");
byte[] hash = md.digest(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1));
return byteArrayToHexString(hash);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 使用 SHA-256 算法加密字符串
* @param str 待加密的字符串
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String encryptWithSHA256(String str) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
byte[] hash = md.digest(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return byteArrayToHexString(hash);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 使用 SHA-512 算法加密字符串
* @param str 待加密的字符串
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String encryptWithSHA512(String str) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-512");
byte[] hash = md.digest(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return byteArrayToHexString(hash);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 使用 SHA3-256 算法加密字符串
* @param str 待加密的字符串
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String encryptWithSHA3_256(String str) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA3-256");
byte[] hash = md.digest(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return byteArrayToHexString(hash);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 使用 SHA3-512 算法加密字符串
* @param str 待加密的字符串
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String encryptWithSHA3_512(String str) {
try {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA3-512");
byte[] hash = md.digest(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return byteArrayToHexString(hash);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 使用 AES 算法加密字符串
* @param key 密钥
* @param str 需要加密的数据
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String encryptWithAES(String str, String key) {
try {
byte[] keyBytes = key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 使用 AES 算法解密字符串
* @param key 密钥
* @param str 需要加密的数据
* @return 解密后的字符串
*/
public static String decryptWithAES(String str, String key) {
try {
byte[] keyBytes = key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
SecretKeySpec secretKeySpec = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeySpec);
byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(str));
return new String(decrypted, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 使用 DES 算法加密字符串
* @param key 密钥
* @param str 需要加密的字符串
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String encryptWithDES(String str, String key) {
try {
byte[] iv = new byte[8];
new SecureRandom().nextBytes(iv);
DESKeySpec desKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(desKeySpec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec ivSpec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey, ivSpec);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
byte[] combined = Arrays.copyOf(iv, iv.length + encrypted.length);
System.arraycopy(encrypted, 0, combined, iv.length, encrypted.length);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(combined);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 使用 DES 算法解密字符串
* @param key 密钥
* @param str 需要加密的字符串
* @return 加密后的字符串
*/
public static String decryptWithDES(String str, String key) {
try {
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
DESKeySpec desKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
SecretKey secretKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(desKeySpec);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
byte[] decoded = Base64.getDecoder().decode(str);
byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(decoded);
return new String(decrypted, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
/**
* 获取字符串的加密值
* @param plainText 明文字符串
* @param encryptType 加密算法
* @return 加密值
*/
private static String encrypt(String plainText, String encryptType) {
try {
MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance(encryptType);
messageDigest.update(plainText.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
byte[] bytes = messageDigest.digest();
return byteArrayToHexString(bytes);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return null;
}
}
}