6.1 死信的概念
先从概念解释上搞清楚这个定义,死信,顾名思义就是无法被消费的消息,字面意思可以这样理解,一般来说,producer 将消息投递到 broker 或者直接到queue 里了,consumer 从 queue 取出消息进行消费,但某些时候由于特定的原因导致 queue 中的某些消息无法被消费,这样的消息如果没有后续的处理,就变成了死信,有死信自然就有了死信队列。 应用场景:为了保证订单业务的消息数据不丢失,需要使用到 RabbitMQ 的死信队列机制,当消息消费发生异常时,将消息投入死信队列中.还有比如说: 用户在商城下单成功并点击去支付后在指定时间未支付时自动失效
6.2 死信的来源
消息 TTL 过期 队列达到最大长度(队列满了,无法再添加数据到 mq 中) 消息被拒绝(basic.reject 或 basic.nack)并且 requeue=false.
6.3 死信实战
6.3.1 代码架构图
6.3.2 消息TTL 过期
消费者 C1 代码(启动之后关闭该消费者 模拟其接收不到消息)
/**
* 死信队列 之 生产者代码
*/
public class Producer {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//死信消息 设置TTL时间 单位是ms 10000ms = 10s
// time to live
AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
for(int i = 1; i < 11; i++){
String message = "info" + i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", properties, message.getBytes());
}
}
}
/**
* 死信队列实战
*
* 消费者 01
*/
public class Consumer01 {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机的名称
public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
//普通队列的名称
public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
//死信队列的名称
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明普通队列
Map<String, Object> arguements = new HashMap<>();
//过期时间 10s=10000ms
//arguements.put("x-message-ttl", 100000);
//正常队列设置死信交换机
arguements.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
//设置死信队列RoutingKey
arguements.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false, false, false, arguements);
//声明死信队列
channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false, false, false,null);
//绑定普通的交换机与普通队列
channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
//绑定死信的交换机与死信队列
channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收消息......");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) ->{
System.out.println("Consumer01接收的消息是:" + new String(message.getBody(),"UTF-8"));
};
channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
}
}
生产者未发送消息
生产者发送了10条消息 此时正常消息队列有10条未消费信息
10秒过去了 正常队列里面的消息由于没有被消费 消息进入死信队列
消费者代码C2 启动C2消费者,它消费死信队列里面的消息
/**
* 死信队列实战
*
* 消费者 02
*/
public class Consumer02 {
public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false, false, false,null);
channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收死信队列消息......");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) ->{
System.out.println("Consumer02接收的消息是:" + new String(message.getBody(),"UTF-8"));
};
channel.basicConsume(DEAD_QUEUE, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
}
}
6.3.3 队列达到最大长度
- 消息生产者代码去掉 TTL 属性
/**
* 死信队列 之 生产者代码
*/
public class Producer {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
// AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().expiration("10000").build();
for(int i = 1; i < 11; i++){
String message = "info" + i;
channel.basicPublish(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan", null, message.getBytes());
}
}
}
2. C1 消费者修改以下代码(启动之后关闭该消费者 模拟其接收不到消息)
/**
* 死信队列实战
*
* 消费者 01
*/
public class Consumer01 {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机的名称
public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
//普通队列的名称
public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
//死信队列的名称
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明普通队列
Map<String, Object> arguements = new HashMap<>();
//过期时间 10s=10000ms
//arguements.put("x-message-ttl", 100000);
//正常队列设置死信交换机
arguements.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
//设置死信队列RoutingKey
arguements.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
//设置正常队列长度的限制
arguements.put("x-max-length", 6);
channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE,false, false, false, arguements);
//声明死信队列
channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE,false, false, false,null);
//绑定普通的交换机与普通队列
channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
//绑定死信的交换机与死信队列
channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收消息......");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) ->{
System.out.println("Consumer01接收的消息是:" + new String(message.getBody(),"UTF-8"));
};
channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {});
}
}
注意此时需要把原先队列删除 因为参数改变了
3. C2 消费者代码不变(启动 C2 消费者)
6.3.4 消息被拒
- 消息生产者代码同上生产者一致
- C1消费者代码(启动之后关闭 模拟接收不到消息)
/**
* 死信队列实战
* <p>
* 消费者 01
*/
public class Consumer01 {
//普通交换机的名称
public static final String NORMAL_EXCHANGE = "normal_exchange";
//死信交换机的名称
public static final String DEAD_EXCHANGE = "dead_exchange";
//普通队列的名称
public static final String NORMAL_QUEUE = "normal_queue";
//死信队列的名称
public static final String DEAD_QUEUE = "dead_queue";
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
Channel channel = RabbitMqUtils.getChannel();
//声明死信和普通交换机类型为direct
channel.exchangeDeclare(NORMAL_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
channel.exchangeDeclare(DEAD_EXCHANGE, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);
//声明普通队列
Map<String, Object> arguements = new HashMap<>();
//过期时间 10s=10000ms
//arguements.put("x-message-ttl", 100000);
//正常队列设置死信交换机
arguements.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", DEAD_EXCHANGE);
//设置死信队列RoutingKey
arguements.put("x-dead-letter-routing-key", "lisi");
//设置正常队列长度的限制
// arguements.put("x-max-length", 6);
channel.queueDeclare(NORMAL_QUEUE, false, false, false, arguements);
//声明死信队列
channel.queueDeclare(DEAD_QUEUE, false, false, false, null);
//绑定普通的交换机与普通队列
channel.queueBind(NORMAL_QUEUE, NORMAL_EXCHANGE, "zhangsan");
//绑定死信的交换机与死信队列
channel.queueBind(DEAD_QUEUE, DEAD_EXCHANGE, "lisi");
System.out.println("等待接收消息......");
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, message) -> {
String msg = new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
if (msg.equals("info5")) {
System.out.println("Consumer01接收的消息是:" + msg + ":此消息是被C1拒绝的");
channel.basicReject(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
} else {
System.out.println("Consumer01接收的消息是:" + msg);
channel.basicAck(message.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);
}
};
//开启手动应答
channel.basicConsume(NORMAL_QUEUE, false, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> {
});
}
}
生产者发送消息后
3. C2 消费者代码不变
启动消费者 1 然后再启动消费者 2
生产者1接收到9个有一个拒绝了, 生产者2从死信队列中接收到一个消息