Android 音频 MediaRecorder和AudioRecord录音与MediaPlayer和AudioTrack播放

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Android 音频 MediaRecorder和AudioRecord录音与MediaPlayer和AudioTrack播放

2017-04-28 17:16:09      0个评论    来源：小码哥—WS的专栏  

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录制声音MediaRecorder和AudioRecord 区别

MediaRecorder和AudioRecord都可以录制音频，区别是MediaRecorder录制的音频文件是经过压缩后的，需要设置编码器。并且录制的音频文件可以用系统自带的Music播放器播放。
而AudioRecord录制的是PCM格式的音频文件，需要用AudioTrack来播放，AudioTrack更接近底层。
在用MediaRecorder进行录制音视频时，最终还是会创建AudioRecord用来与AudioFlinger进行交互。
C++层MediaRecorder创建AudioRecord类的代码位于AudioSource类构造函数中.

MediaRecorder录制的数据是 amr MP3 格式
AudioRecorder录制出来的是比较原始的PCM音频格式
PCM经过编码压缩可以为 amr MP3 AAC。

播放声音时MediaPlayer和AudioTrack的区别

播放声音可以用MediaPlayer和AudioTrack，两者都提供了java API供应用开发者使用。虽然都可以播放声音，但两者还是有很大的区别的。
其中最大的区别是MediaPlayer可以播放多种格式的声音文件，例如 MP3，AAC，WAV，OGG，MIDI等。MediaPlayer会在framework层创建对应的音频解码器。
而AudioTrack只能播放已 经解码的PCM流，如果是文件的话只支持wav格式的音频文件，因为wav格式的音频文件大部分都是PCM流。AudioTrack不创建解码器，所以只 能播放不需要解码的wav文件。当然两者之间还是有紧密的联系，MediaPlayer在framework层还是会创建AudioTrack，把解码后 的PCM数流传递给AudioTrack，AudioTrack再传递给AudioFlinger进行混音，然后才传递给硬件播放。

MediaRecorder与MediaPlayer前面的博客中已经有写，是视频的录制与播放。这里就不在举例。
下面主要实现一个AudioRecord ，AudioTrack音频的录制与播放。

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1	public AudioTrack (int streamType, int sampleRateInHz, int channelConfig, int audioFormat, int bufferSizeInBytes, int mode)

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AudioTrack audio = new AudioTrack(                           AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, // 指定在流的类型                           32000, // 设置音频数据的采样率 32k，如果是44.1k就是44100                           AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_STEREO, // 设置输出声道为双声道立体声，而CHANNEL_OUT_MONO类型是单声道                           AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, // 设置音频数据块是8位还是16位，这里设置为16位。好像现在绝大多数的音频都是16位的了                           AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM // 设置模式类型，在这里设置为流类型，另外一种MODE_STATIC貌似没有什么效果                       );    audio.play(); // 启动音频设备，下面就可以真正开始音频数据的播放了

下面是完整代码

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import java.io.BufferedInputStream; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException;   import android.app.Activity; import android.media.AudioFormat; import android.media.AudioManager; import android.media.AudioRecord; import android.media.AudioTrack; import android.media.MediaRecorder; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Environment; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button;   public class MainActivity extends Activity {       private short[] mAudioRecordData;     private short[] mAudioTrackData;       private Button mStart;     private Button mStop;     private Button mPlay;     private Button mWipe;       private File mAudioFile;     private AudioRecord mAudioRecord;     private AudioTrack mAudioTrack;       @Override     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);           init();           registerListener();     }       private void registerListener() { //开始录制  把录制的数据存在mAudioFile文件中         mStart.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {               @Override             public void onClick(View v) {                 new Thread(new Runnable() {                     public void run() {                         try {                             mAudioRecord.startRecording();                             DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(                                     new BufferedOutputStream(                                             new FileOutputStream(mAudioFile)));                             while (mAudioRecord.getRecordingState() == AudioRecord.RECORDSTATE_RECORDING) {                                 int number = mAudioRecord.read(                                         mAudioRecordData, 0,                                         mAudioRecordData.length);                                 for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {                                     dos.writeShort(mAudioRecordData[i]);                                 }                                 if (AudioRecord.ERROR_BAD_VALUE != number                                         && AudioRecord.ERROR != number) {                                     Log.d("TAG", String.valueOf(number));                                 }                             }                             dos.flush();                             dos.close();                             Log.d("TAG", "dos.close()");                         } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                         } catch (IOException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                         }                     }                 }).start();             }         }); //停止录音         mStop.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {               @Override             public void onClick(View v) {                   if (mAudioRecord != null                         && mAudioRecord.getRecordingState() == AudioRecord.RECORDSTATE_RECORDING) {                     mAudioRecord.stop();                 }             }         }); //开始播放 将数据写入到AudioTrack中播放         mPlay.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {               @Override             public void onClick(View v) {                 new Thread(new Runnable() {                     public void run() {                         try {                             mAudioTrack.play();                             DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(                                     new BufferedInputStream(                                             new FileInputStream(mAudioFile)));                             Log.d("TAG", "dis.available=" + dis.available());                             while (mAudioTrack.getPlayState() == AudioTrack.PLAYSTATE_PLAYING                                     && dis.available() > 0) {                                 int i = 0;                                 while (dis.available() > 0                                         && i < mAudioTrackData.length) {                                     mAudioTrackData[i] = dis.readShort();                                     i++;                                 }                                 wipe(mAudioTrackData, 0, mAudioTrackData.length);                                 // 然后将数据写入到AudioTrack中                                 mAudioTrack.write(mAudioTrackData, 0,                                         mAudioTrackData.length);                             }                             mAudioTrack.stop();                             dis.close();                             Log.d("TAG", "dis.close()");                         } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                         } catch (IOException e) {                             e.printStackTrace();                         }                     }                 }).start();             }         });           mWipe.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {               @Override             public void onClick(View v) {                 wipe(mAudioTrackData, 0, mAudioTrackData.length);             }         });     } //初始化     private void init() {           mStart = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start);         mStop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop);         mPlay = (Button) findViewById(R.id.play);         mWipe = (Button) findViewById(R.id.wipe);         if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(                 Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {             File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()                     .getAbsolutePath() + "/audio/");             if (!file.exists()) {                 file.mkdirs();             }             //创建录音文件             mAudioFile = new File(file, System.currentTimeMillis() + ".pcm");         }           try {             int sampleRateInHz = 44100;//所有Android系统都支持的频率             //AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO但声道输入    AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT这个所有Android系统都支持             int recordBufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(                     sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,                     AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);             Log.d("TAG", "recordBufferSizeInBytes=" + recordBufferSizeInBytes);             mAudioRecordData = new short[recordBufferSizeInBytes];              // 创建AudioRecord实例             mAudioRecord = new AudioRecord(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC,                     sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,                     AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, recordBufferSizeInBytes);               int trackBufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(                     sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_MONO,                     AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);              // 创建mAudioTrack实例             mAudioTrackData = new short[trackBufferSizeInBytes];             mAudioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC,                     sampleRateInHz, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_OUT_MONO,                     AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, trackBufferSizeInBytes,                     AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);         } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }       }       /**      * 消除噪音      */     private void wipe(short[] lin, int off, int len) {         int i, j;         for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {             j = lin[i + off];             lin[i + off] = (short) (j >> 2);         }     }       @Override     protected void onStop() {         if (mAudioFile.exists()) {             mAudioFile.delete();         }         if (mAudioRecord != null) {             mAudioRecord.release();             mAudioRecord = null;         }         if (mAudioTrack != null) {             mAudioTrack.release();             mAudioTrack = null;         }         super.onStop();     }   }

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<linearlayout android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MainActivity" xmlns:android="https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="https://schemas.android.com/tools"><button android:id="@+id/start" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:text="开始录音"></button><button android:id="@+id/stop" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:text="停止录音"></button><button android:id="@+id/play" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:text="播放录音"></button><button android:id="@+id/wipe" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:text="去除噪音"></button></linearlayout>

这里也推荐一个库VCamera