Git基本操作(命令行)

来到git bash界面

1.查看当前路径

pwd //输出 /e/demo 我现在在E盘下的demo文件夹

2.显示所有文件的详细信息

ll //输出 total 1
   //     -rw-r--r-- 1 admin 197121 32 Jun 12 21:53 test.txt

3.创建并进入文件夹

mkdir demo2

cd demo2

4.初始化仓库

git init  //输出 Initialized empty Git repository in E:/demo/demo2/.git/

5.追加文字(无文件则创建)到文件末尾

echo "demo reposi" >> test.txt

6.查看文件内容

cat test.txt //输出 demo reposi

7.添加文件到暂存区

git add test.txt
//输出
//warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in test.txt.
//The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.

8.提交暂存区的文件到仓库并添加提交信息

git commit test.txt -m "test first commit"
//输出
//warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in test.txt.
//The file will have its original line endings in your working directory.
//[master (root-commit) 0be2f76] test first commit
// 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
//create mode 100644 test.txt

9.查看文件状态

git status
//输出 文件提交到master分支，无操作，工作是clean干净的
//On branch master
//nothing to commit, working tree clean 

10.文件内容回滚并确认

git reset HEAD test.txt

//输出 注意，此时并未完成回滚，需要下一操作
//git reset HEAD demo.txt
//Unstaged changes after reset:
//M       test.txt

//查看一下此时的状态
git status
//On branch master
//Changes not staged for commit:
//  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
//  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

//        modified:   test.txt

//no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

git checkout -- test.txt
//此时文件已回到上次提交的状态，可打开查看
git status
//On branch master
//nothing to commit, working tree clean

11.放弃本次提交，回滚到某一次提交的状态

git log //查看所有提交的commit 号,并找到要回滚的commit号

//commit 433db8b415782d36df1cee767156a457be8c69cd
//Author: sakura <2399865721@qq.com>
//Date:   Wed Jun 12 22:20:28 2019 +0800

//    second commit

//commit 0be2f763dbabb6fb5aace90c154ff97fc5516589
//Author: sakura <2399865721@qq.com>
//Date:   Wed Jun 12 22:05:11 2019 +0800

//    test first commit

git reset --hard 0be2f763dbabb6fb5aace90c154ff97fc5516589
//hard指仓库和暂存区都进行回滚
//HEAD is now at 0be2f76 test first commit
//此时文件已恢复

12.删除文件

git rm test.txt //此时并未删除，需下一步
//rm 'test.txt'

git commit -m "delete test"
//[master 71b5719] delete test
// 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)
// delete mode 100644 test.txt

13.标签管理

便于回滚，使用便签可回滚到指定标签的状态

git tag                        //查看所有标签
git tag tagname                //创建标签
git tag -a name -m "content"   //指定提交标签
git tag -d name                //删除标签
git push origin name           //标签发布

14.分支管理

git不止只有一个master分支，可自己创建分支，后将分支合并到master中去

git branch               //查看所有分支
git branch new_branch    //创建分支
git checkout branch_name //切换分支
git merge branch_name    //合并分支
git branch -d branch_name//删除分支
 

15.添加远程仓库

git remote add origin git@github.com:qiujiakang120/sakura_test.git
//后边是仓库链接
git push -u origin master
//推送到远程

16.克隆仓库

git clone git@github.com:qiujiakang120/sakura_test.git
//后边是仓库链接
git push -u origin master
//推送到远程