目录
概述
笔记参照b站up主:遇见狂神说的视频,链接https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1V4411p7EF
狂神:只要学不死,就往死里学
1、多线程实现方式
- 继承Thread类
- 实现runable接口
- 实现callable接口
2、继承Thread
1、使用
package com.xwy;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 5:11 下午
*/
//创建线程方法1 集成Thread
public class TestThread01 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码。。。。"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程 ,主线程
// 创建线程对象
TestThread01 testThread01 = new TestThread01();
// 调用start方法开启线程
testThread01.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学多线程。。。。"+i);
}
}
}
2、网图下载
package com.xwy;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 5:31 下午
*/
public class TestThread02 extends Thread{
private String url;
private String name;
public TestThread02(String url,String name){
this.name = name;
this.url = url;
}
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为"+name+"的文件");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread02 t1= new TestThread02("http://127.0.0.1:8000/file/1.jpg","1.jpg");
TestThread02 t2= new TestThread02("http://127.0.0.1:8000/file/1.jpg","2.jpg");
TestThread02 t3= new TestThread02("http://127.0.0.1:8000/file/1.jpg","3.jpg");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
// 下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现错误");
}
}
}
3、实现Runable接口
创建线程方式二:实现runable接口,重写run方法,执行线程需要丢入runable接口实现类,调用start方法
package com.xwy;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 6:06 下午
*/
//创建线程方式二:实现runable接口,重写run方法,执行线程需要丢入runable接口实现类,调用start方法
public class TestThread03 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码。。。。"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建runable接口的实现对象
TestThread03 testThread03 = new TestThread03();
// 创建线程对象
Thread thread = new Thread(testThread03);
// 调用start方法开启线程
thread.start();
// new Thread(testThread03).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学多线程。。。。"+i);
}
}
}
建议使用实现Runable接口的方式,因为java的单继承局限性
4、并发问题
package com.xwy;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 6:14 下午
*/
public class TestThread04 implements Runnable{
private int ticketNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if(ticketNums <= 0){
break;
}
// 模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread04 ticket = new TestThread04();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛").start();
}
}
小明拿到了第8张票
黄牛拿到了第10张票
老师拿到了第9张票
小明拿到了第7张票
老师拿到了第6张票
黄牛拿到了第7张票
老师拿到了第5张票
小明拿到了第5张票
黄牛拿到了第5张票
老师拿到了第4张票
黄牛拿到了第3张票
小明拿到了第4张票
黄牛拿到了第2张票
老师拿到了第2张票
小明拿到了第1张票
出现问题:同一张票被多人拿到
6、龟兔赛跑
package com.xwy;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 6:22 下午
*/
public class Race implements Runnable{
// 胜利者
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
// 模拟兔子休息
if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子") && i%10 ==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag = gameover(i);
// 如果比赛结束就停止程序
if(flag){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
// 判断是否完成了比赛
private boolean gameover(int steps){
if(winner!=null){
return true;
}{
if (steps>=100){
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}
这里我设置成10ms兔子也参与不进来。。。,可能电脑运行太快了吧 假装不开心~
7、实现Callable接口
用callable重新实现图片下载
package com.xwy02;
import com.xwy.TestThread02;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 8:54 下午
*/
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url;
private String name;
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.name = name;
this.url = url;
}
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为"+name+"的文件");
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1= new TestCallable("http://127.0.0.1:8000/file/1.jpg","1.jpg");
TestCallable t2= new TestCallable("http://127.0.0.1:8000/file/1.jpg","2.jpg");
TestCallable t3= new TestCallable("http://127.0.0.1:8000/file/1.jpg","3.jpg");
// 1创建执行服务
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
// 2提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
// 3获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
boolean rs3 = r3.get();
// 4关闭服务
ser.shutdown();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
// 下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现错误");
}
}
}
callable的好处:
- callable可以定义返回值
- 可以抛出异常
8、静态代理
结婚:
- 你:真实角色
- 婚庆公司: 代理你,帮你处理结婚的事情
- 结婚:实现都实现结婚接口
静态代理模式:
- 真是对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
- 代理对象要代理真实角色
好处:
- 代理对象可以做好多真实对象做不了的事情
- 真实对象专注做自己的事情
package com.proxystate;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 9:04 下午
*/
public class StateProxy{
public static void main(String[] args) {
WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色:我要结婚
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("xxx和xwy结婚了");
}
}
//代理角色 帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();
after();
}
private void before(){
System.out.println("结婚前布置现场");
}
private void after(){
System.out.println("结婚之后收尾款");
}
}
代理模式在多线程内使用:
package com.proxystate;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 9:04 下午
*/
public class StateProxy{
public static void main(String[] args) {
You you = new You();
new Thread( ()-> System.out.println("我爱你") ).start();
new WeddingCompany(you).HappyMarry();
// WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(you);
// weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色:我要结婚
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("xxx和xwy结婚了");
}
}
//代理角色 帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();
after();
}
private void before(){
System.out.println("结婚前布置现场");
}
private void after(){
System.out.println("结婚之后收尾款");
}
}
9、Lambda
1、推导lamadba表达式
package com.lamdba;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 9:39 下午
*/
public class TestLamdba {
// 3静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike {
@Override
public void lamdba() {
System.out.println("I love Lamdba2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like = new Like();
like.lamdba();
like = new Like2();
like.lamdba();
// 4 局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike {
@Override
public void lamdba() {
System.out.println("I love Lamdba3");
}
}
like = new Like3();
like.lamdba();
// 5匿名内部类,没有类的名字,必须借助接口或父类
like = new ILike() {
@Override
public void lamdba() {
System.out.println("I love Lamdba4");
}
};
like.lamdba();
// 6 lamdba简化
like = ()->{
System.out.println("I love Lamdba5");
};
like.lamdba();
}
}
//1定义一个接口
interface ILike{
void lamdba();
}
//2定义一个实现类
class Like implements ILike{
@Override
public void lamdba() {
System.out.println("I love Lamdba");
}
}
2、带参简化
package com.lamdba;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 9:49 下午
*/
public class TestLamdba2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILove love = (int a) ->{
System.out.println("i love you--->" + a);
};
// 1干掉参数类型
love = (a) ->{
System.out.println("i love you--->" + a);
};
// 2干掉括号
love = a ->{
System.out.println("i love you--->" + a);
};
// 3干掉{}
love = a -> System.out.println("i love you--->" + a);
love.Love(2);
}
}
interface ILove{
void Love(int a);
}
总结:
- 表达式只有一行代码的情况下,才能去掉{},不然必须用代码块包裹
- 接口必须是函数式接口
- 多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉都去掉,必须加括号
10、线程状态
1、线程停止
- 不推荐使用stop,destory,一般使用标志位停止
- 建议线程正常停止,利用次数,不建议死循环
package com.state;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 10:01 下午
*/
public class TestStop implements Runnable {
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while (flag){
System.out.println("run .......thread..--->"+i++);
}
}
// 转换标志位方法
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main" + i);
if(i == 900){
// 调用stop,线程停止
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程该停止了");
}
}
}
}
2、线程休眠
Sleep
- 每个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁
- sleep存在异常抛出InterruptedException()
- sleep时间达到后进入就绪状态
模拟网络延时
- 放大问题发生性
- 模拟倒计时
package com.state;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 10:10 下午
*/
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
tenDown();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
int num = 10;
while(true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if(num<=0){
break;
}
}
}
}
- 打印当前系统时间
package com.state;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 10:10 下午
*/
public class TestSleep2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// try {
// tenDown();
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
while (true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
int num = 10;
while(true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if(num<=0){
break;
}
}
}
}
3、线程礼让
- 让当前线程暂停,但是不阻塞
- 运行转为就绪
- cpu重新调度,礼让不一定成功,看cpu心情
package com.state;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 10:20 下午
*/
public class TestYield{
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"开始执行");
Thread.yield();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"结束执行");
}
}
4、线程强制执行
- Join合并线程,待此线程执行完成后,再执行其他线程,其他线程堵塞
- 可以想象成插队
package com.state;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/13 10:25 下午
*/
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("vip来了"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
// 主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if(i == 200){
thread.join(); //插队
}
System.out.println("main" + i);
}
}
}
结果,主线程200前,并发执行,200之后,剩下的没执行的线程先执行完,主线程才继续
5、线程状态观测
package com.state;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/14 9:44 上午
*/
//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("/../../../");
});
// 观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //new
// 观察启动后
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //run
while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){ //只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //输出状态
}
}
}
6、线程优先级
package com.state;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/14 9:56 上午
*/
public class TestPriority{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
// 设置优先级,在启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(2);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
t4.start();
t5.setPriority(3);
t5.start();
t6.setPriority(4);
t6.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
- 优先级设定在start之前
- 优先级低只是意味着获得调度的概率低,并不是优先级低就不会被调用,都是看cpu的调度
7、守护线程
- 线程分为用户线程和守护线程
- 虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
- 虚拟机不等待守护进程执行完毕
- 如:后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等待
package com.state;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/14 10:16 上午
*/
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false,标识是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程
thread.start();//上帝守护线程开启
new Thread(you).start(); //用户线程启动
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
}
System.out.println("====good bye world=====");
}
}
11、线程同步
1、三大不安全案例
买票问题:
- 好几个人抢到同一张票,或者可能出现-1
银行取钱问题:
- 出现负数
package com.syn;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/14 10:53 上午
*/
public class UnSafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing xwy = new Drawing(account,50,"xwy");
Drawing xxx = new Drawing(account,100,"xxx");
xwy.start();
xxx.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money; //余额
String name; //卡名
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//y银行
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;
// 取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
// 现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money-drawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够取不了");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 卡内余额 = 余额- 取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
// 手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name + "余额为:" + account.money);
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+nowMoney);
}
}
不安全的集合
package com.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/14 11:10 上午
*/
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnSafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()-> {
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
// try {
// Thread.sleep(3000);
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
2、同步方法和同步块
synchronized关键字
控制对象的访问,每个对象对应一把锁,每个synchronized方法都必须获得该方法的对象的锁才能执行,否则线程会阻塞,方法一旦执行,就独占该锁,直到该方法返回才释放锁,后面被阻塞的线程才能获得这个锁,继续执行。
- 缺陷:若将一个大的方法申明为synchronized将会影响效率
解决三个不安全案例
- 银行取钱
package com.syn;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/14 10:53 上午
*/
public class UnSafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(1000,"结婚基金");
Drawing xwy = new Drawing(account,50,"xwy");
Drawing xxx = new Drawing(account,100,"xxx");
xwy.start();
xxx.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money; //余额
String name; //卡名
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//y银行
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;
// 取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
// 现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// 锁的对象是就是变化的量,需要增删改的量
synchronized (account){
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money-drawingMoney < 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够取不了");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 卡内余额 = 余额- 取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
// 手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name + "余额为:" + account.money);
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱:"+nowMoney);
}
}
}
- 买票
package com.syn;
import sun.security.krb5.internal.Ticket;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/14 10:43 上午
*/
//不安全的买票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(buyTicket,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"牛逼的你").start();
new Thread(buyTicket,"可恶的黄牛").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
// 票
private int ticketNums = 10;
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
// 买票
while (flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
// 判断是否有票
if(ticketNums <=0){
flag = false;
return;
}
// 模拟面试
Thread.sleep(100);
// 买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到了" + ticketNums--);
}
}
- list
package com.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/14 11:10 上午
*/
//线程不安全的集合
public class UnSafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()-> {
synchronized (list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
// try {
// Thread.sleep(3000);
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
3、JUC
package com.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/16 2:55 下午
*/
//测试juc安全类型的集合
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
12、死锁
- 某个同步块同时拥有“两个对象以上的锁”时就会出现死锁的问题
package com.lock;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/16 3:01 下午
*/
//多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源,形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MakeUp g1 = new MakeUp(0,"灰姑娘");
MakeUp g2 = new MakeUp(1,"白雪公主");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
//化妆
class MakeUp extends Thread{
// 需要的资源只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick =new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice; //选择
String girlName; //使用化妆品的人
MakeUp(int choice,String girlName){
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//化妆
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//化妆,互相持有对方的锁
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if(choice == 0){
synchronized (lipstick){
System.out.println(this.girlName+ "获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
synchronized (mirror){ //一秒钟后想获得镜子
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
}
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror){
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
synchronized (lipstick){ //一秒钟后想获得口红
System.out.println(this.girlName + "获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
}
13、Lock
package com.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/16 3:21 下午
*/
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNums = 10;
// 定义lock锁
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock();//加锁
if(ticketNums>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}else {
break;
}
}finally {
lock.unlock(); //解锁
}
}
}
}
synchronized和lock的对比:
- lock是显式锁(手动开启关闭),synchronized是隐式锁,出了作用域自动释放
- lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
- 使用lock锁,jvm花费较少时间来调度线程,性能更好,具备更好的扩展性
- 优先使用顺序:lock - 同步代码块 - 同步方法
14、线程协作
1、生产者消费者
管程法
package com.gaoji;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/16 4:51 下午
*/
//测试生产者消费者,利用缓冲区解决:管程法
public class TestPc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
container.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了" + i + "只鸡");
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
//消费
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了第" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id; //编号
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
if(count==chickens.length){
//t通知消费者消费,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
chickens[count] = chicken;
count++;
//通知消费者可以消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
if(count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
//通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
信号灯法
package com.gaoji;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/16 5:16 下午
*/
//标志位
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
}else{
this.tv.play("广告中");
}
}
}
}
//消费者
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品
class TV{
String voice; //节目
//演员表演观众等待 T
//观众观看,演员等待 F
boolean flag = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了" + voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观看了" + voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
}
2、线程池
package com.gaoji;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
/**
* @author levi
* @create 2020/9/16 4:43 下午
*/
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1创建线程池
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);//参数为i线程池大小
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//2关闭连接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}