LeetCode算法 —— 电话号码的字母组合(单向数据扩展匹配)

题目已经通过
在这里插入图片描述


题目:
给定一个仅包含数字 2-9 的字符串,返回所有它能表示的字母组合。

给出数字到字母的映射如下(与电话按键相同)。注意 1 不对应任何字母。
在这里插入图片描述
示例:
输入:“23”
输出:[“ad”, “ae”, “af”, “bd”, “be”, “bf”, “cd”, “ce”, “cf”].

说明:
尽管上面的答案是按字典序排列的,但是你可以任意选择答案输出的顺序。

解题思想:
我们分别处理每一位数字的所有可能性,比如处理的是 “23”,我们先把 2对应的数据保存起来,数据对应的是 “abc”,我们把它拆分为:“a”,“b”,“c”,第一位数字我们是这样处理的。接下来我们处理 3这个数字,我们将 “a”,“b”,“c” 这三个数据,每一个对应对应匹配 3对应数据的所有可能性,3对应的数据是 “def”,我们首先是用 a 来 匹配def,获得的数据是 “ad”,“ae”,“af”,同理,我们将 b,c 分别匹配 “def”,所以我们将获得的数据是:“ad”, “ae”, “af”, “bd”, “be”, “bf”, “cd”, “ce”, “cf”。如果我们还有其它的数字,那么我们就将其中的每一项再次像刚才那样匹配即可 . . .


代码如下所示:

class Solution {
public:
	vector<string>vecStr = { "", "", "abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno", "pqrs", "tuv", "wxyz" };

	vector<string> letterCombinations(string digits) {

		vector<string> retArr;
		if (digits == "") return retArr;				// 判断是否是空串
		 
		retArr.resize(3);
		retArr[0] += vecStr[digits[0] - '0'][0];		// 初始化第一位数字对应各个字符
		retArr[1] += vecStr[digits[0] - '0'][1];
		retArr[2] += vecStr[digits[0] - '0'][2];

		if (digits[0] == '7' || digits[0] == '9'){		// 判断第一位数字是否是 4个字符
			retArr.resize(4);

			retArr[3] += vecStr[digits[0] - '0'][3];
		}

		if (digits.size() == 1) return retArr;			// 长度为1 直接返回

		// 开始扩展每一位数字
		for (size_t i = 1; i < digits.size(); i++) {
			retArr = permutation(retArr, vecStr[digits[i] - '0']);
		}


		return retArr;
	}

private:
	vector<string> permutation(vector<string> target, string next) {

		vector<string> retArr;

		// 搜索对应的所有组合
		for (size_t i = 0; i < target.size(); i++)
		{
			for (size_t j = 0; j < next.size(); j++)
			{
				string str = target[i] + next[j];
				retArr.push_back(str);
			}
		}


		return retArr;
	}
};
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北京大学oj题目,已提交AC。原题目如下: Description Businesses like to have memorable telephone numbers. One way to make a telephone number memorable is to have it spell a memorable word or phrase. For example, you can call the University of Waterloo by dialing the memorable TUT-GLOP. Sometimes only part of the number is used to spell a word. When you get back to your hotel tonight you can order a pizza from Gino's by dialing 310-GINO. Another way to make a telephone number memorable is to group the digits in a memorable way. You could order your pizza from Pizza Hut by calling their ``three tens'' number 3-10-10-10. The standard form of a telephone number is seven decimal digits with a hyphen between the third and fourth digits (e.g. 888-1200). The keypad of a phone supplies the mapping of letters to numbers, as follows: A, B, and C map to 2 D, E, and F map to 3 G, H, and I map to 4 J, K, and L map to 5 M, N, and O map to 6 P, R, and S map to 7 T, U, and V map to 8 W, X, and Y map to 9 There is no mapping for Q or Z. Hyphens are not dialed, and can be added and removed as necessary. The standard form of TUT-GLOP is 888-4567, the standard form of 310-GINO is 310-4466, and the standard form of 3-10-10-10 is 310-1010. Two telephone numbers are equivalent if they have the same standard form. (They dial the same number.) Your company is compiling a directory of telephone numbers from local businesses. As part of the quality control process you want to check that no two (or more) businesses in the directory have the same telephone number. Input The input will consist of one case. The first line of the input specifies the number of telephone numbers in the directory (up to 100,000) as a positive integer alone on the line. The remaining lines list the telephone numbers in the directory, with each number alone on a line. Each telephone number consists of a string composed of decimal digits, uppercase letters (excluding Q and Z) and hyphens. Exactly seven of the characters in the string will be digits or letters. Output Generate a line of output for each telephone number that appears more than once in any form. The line should give the telephone number in standard form, followed by a space, followed by the number of times the telephone number appears in the directory. Arrange the output lines by telephone number in ascending lexicographical order. If there are no duplicates in the input print the line: No duplicates. Sample Input 12 4873279 ITS-EASY 888-4567 3-10-10-10 888-GLOP TUT-GLOP 967-11-11 310-GINO F101010 888-1200 -4-8-7-3-2-7-9- 487-3279 Sample Output 310-1010 2 487-3279 4 888-4567 3

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