1. 定义
是指给定一个语言(表达式),定义它的文法的一种表示,并定义一个解释器,使用该解释器来解释语言中的句子(表达式)
2. 代码
场景:实现四则运算
- 先输入表达式的形式,比如 a+b+c-d+e, 要求表达式的字母不能重复
- 再分别输入 a ,b, c, d, e 的值
- 最后求出结果
abstract class Expression {
// key: 表达式参数 例 a,b,c
// val: 具体值
public abstract int interpreter(Map<String, Integer> map);
}
// 运算符号解释器,每个运算符号,都只和自己左右两个数字有关系
class SymbolExpression extends Expression {
protected Expression left;
protected Expression right;
public SymbolExpression(Expression left, Expression right) {
this.left = left;
this.right = right;
}
@Override
public int interpreter(Map<String, Integer> map) {
return 0;
}
}
// 变量的解释器
class VarExpression extends Expression {
private String key;
public VarExpression(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
@Override
public int interpreter(Map<String, Integer> map) {
return map.get(this.key);
}
}
// 加法解释器
class AddExpression extends SymbolExpression {
public AddExpression(Expression left, Expression right) {
super(left, right);
}
public int interpreter(Map<String, Integer> map) {
return super.left.interpreter(map) + super.right.interpreter(map);
}
}
// 减法解释器
class SubExpression extends SymbolExpression {
public SubExpression(Expression left, Expression right) {
super(left, right);
}
public int interpreter(Map<String, Integer> map) {
return super.left.interpreter(map) - super.right.interpreter(map);
}
}
class Calculator {
private Expression expression;
public Calculator(String expStr) {
Stack<Expression> stack = new Stack<>();
char[] charArray = expStr.toCharArray();
Expression left = null;
Expression right = null;
for (int i = 0; i < charArray.length; i++) {
switch (charArray[i]) {
case '+':
left = stack.pop();
right = new VarExpression(String.valueOf(charArray[++i]));
stack.push(new AddExpression(left, right));
break;
case '-':
left = stack.pop();
right = new VarExpression(String.valueOf(charArray[++i]));
stack.push(new SubExpression(left, right));
break;
default:
stack.push(new VarExpression(String.valueOf(charArray[i])));
break;
}
}
this.expression = stack.pop();
}
public int run(HashMap<String, Integer> var) {
return this.expression.interpreter(var);
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String expStr = getExpStr();
HashMap<String, Integer> var = getValue(expStr);
Calculator calculator = new Calculator(expStr);
System.out.println("运算结果: " + expStr + "=" + calculator.run(var));
}
public static String getExpStr() throws IOException {
System.out.println("请输入表达式: ");
return (new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in))).readLine();
}
public static HashMap<String, Integer> getValue(String expStr) throws IOException {
HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
for (char ch : expStr.toCharArray()) {
if (ch != '+' && ch != '-') {
if (!map.containsKey(String.valueOf(ch))) {
System.out.print("请输入 " + ch + " 的值:");
String in = (new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in))).readLine();
map.put(String.valueOf(ch), Integer.valueOf(in));
}
}
}
return map;
}
}