Collection接口

Collection接口表示一组对象，这些对象也称为Collection接口的元素。一些Collection接口允许有重复的元素，而另一些则不允许；一些Collection接口是有序的，而另一些是无序的。

Collection类有众多的API。下面是官方提供的API。

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
boolean	add​(E e)	Ensures that this collection contains the specified element (optional operation).
boolean	addAll​(Collection<? extends E> c)	Adds all of the elements in the specified collection to this collection (optional operation).
void	clear​()	Removes all of the elements from this collection (optional operation).
boolean	contains​(Object o)	Returns  true if this collection contains the specified element.
boolean	containsAll​(Collection<?> c)	Returns  true if this collection contains all of the elements in the specified collection.
boolean	equals​(Object o)	Compares the specified object with this collection for equality.
int	hashCode​()	Returns the hash code value for this collection.
boolean	isEmpty​()	Returns  true if this collection contains no elements.
Iterator<E>	iterator​()	Returns an iterator over the elements in this collection.
default Stream<E>	parallelStream​()	Returns a possibly parallel  Stream with this collection as its source.
boolean	remove​(Object o)	Removes a single instance of the specified element from this collection, if it is present (optional operation).
boolean	removeAll​(Collection<?> c)	Removes all of this collection's elements that are also contained in the specified collection (optional operation).
default boolean	removeIf​(Predicate<? super E> filter)	Removes all of the elements of this collection that satisfy the given predicate.
boolean	retainAll​(Collection<?> c)	Retains only the elements in this collection that are contained in the specified collection (optional operation).
int	size​()	Returns the number of elements in this collection.
default Spliterator<E>	spliterator​()	Creates a  Spliterator over the elements in this collection.
default Stream<E>	stream​()	Returns a sequential  Stream with this collection as its source.
Object[]	toArray​()	Returns an array containing all of the elements in this collection.

在Collection对象中并为提供get()方法获取元素。如果要遍历Collection中的元素，一般采用Iterator遍历器。Collection接口继承了接口Iterable<E>，实现这个接口将允许对象成为foreach语句的目标。在Iterable中提供了迭代方法iterator（），所以Collection接口定义的子类集合上都有一个与容器类相对应的遍历器。可以通过遍历器遍历出容器类中的各个元素对象。

Iterator接口中定义的方法如下。

Modifier and Type	Method	Description
default void	forEachRemaining​(Consumer<? super E> action)	Performs the given action for each remaining element until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception.
boolean	hasNext​()	Returns  true if the iteration has more elements.
E	next​()	Returns the next element in the iteration.
default void	remove​()	Removes from the underlying collection the last element returned by this iterator (optional operation).