前言
I2C设备的4种添加方法:
1)静态注册
2)动态注册
3)用户空间注册
4)i2c驱动扫描注册
一、静态注册
静态注册就是在架构板级文件或初始化文件
中添加i2c设备信息,并注册到特定位置(__i2c_board_list链表)上就可以了,如arm架构下board-xxx-yyy.c文件,x86架构下xxx-yyy-init-zzz.c文件。当系统静态注册i2c控制器(adapter)时,将会去查找这个链表,并实例化i2c设备添加到i2c总线上。注意:一定要赶在i2c控制器注册前将i2c设备信息添加到链表上。
1)定义一个 i2c_board_info 结构体
必须要有名字和设备地址,其他如中断号、私有数据非必须。
static struct i2c_board_info my_tmp75_info = {
I2C_BOARD_INFO("my_tmp75", 0x48),
};
@my_tmp75是设备名字,用于匹配i2c驱动。
@0x48是i2c设备的基地址。
如果有多个设备,可以定义成结构数组,一次添加多个设备信息。
2)注册设备
使用 i2c_register_board_info 函数将i2c设备信息添加到特定链表,函数原型如下
i2c_register_board_info(int busnum, struct i2c_board_info const * info, unsigned n)
{
devinfo->busnum = busnum; /* 组装i2c总线 */
devinfo->board_info = *info; /* 绑定设备信息 */
list_add_tail(&devinfo->list, &__i2c_board_list); /* 将设备信息添加进链表中 */
}
@busnum:哪一条总线,也就是选择哪一个i2c控制器(adapter)
@info:i2c设备信息,就是上面的结构体
@n:info中有几个设备
将在 i2c_register_adapter 函数中使用到
static int i2c_register_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
…
if (adap->nr < __i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num)
i2c_scan_static_board_info(adap);
…
}
static void i2c_scan_static_board_info(struct i2c_adapter *adapter)
{
struct i2c_devinfo *devinfo;
down_read(&__i2c_board_lock);
list_for_each_entry(devinfo, &__i2c_board_list, list) {
if (devinfo->busnum == adapter->nr && !i2c_new_device(adapter, &devinfo->board_info))
dev_err(&adapter->dev,"Can't create device at 0x%02x\n",devinfo->board_info.addr);
}
up_read(&__i2c_board_lock);
}
而调用 i2c_register_adapter 函数的有两个地方,分别是 i2c_add_adapter 函数和i2c_add_numbered_adapter 函数,但 i2c_add_adapter 函数中是动态分配的总线号,adap->nr一定比__i2c_first_dynamic_bus_num变量大,因此不会进入到i2c_scan_static_board_info函数,所以只有i2c_add_numbered_adapter 最终使用到,而这个函数是i2c控制器静态注册时调用的,因此静态注册i2c设备必须赶在i2c控制器注册前添加。
二、动态注册
动态注册i2c设备可以使用两个函数,分别为 i2c_new_device 函数与 i2c_new_probed_device 函数,它们两区别是:
i2c_new_device:不管i2c设备是否真的存在,都实例化 i2c_client。
- i2c_new_probed_device:调用probe函数去探测i2c地址是否有回应,存在则实例化i2c_client。如果自己不提供probe函数的话,使用默认的i2c_default_probe函数。
1)使用 i2c_new_device 注册设备
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
static struct i2c_board_info my_tmp75_info = {
I2C_BOARD_INFO("my_tmp75", 0x48),//这个名字很重要,用于匹配 I2C 驱动
};
static struct i2c_client *my_tmp75_client;
static int my_tmp75_init(void)
{
struct i2c_adapter *i2c_adapt;
int ret = 0;
i2c_adapt = i2c_get_adapter(6);
if (i2c_adapt == NULL)
{
printk("get adapter fail!\n");
ret = -ENODEV;
}
my_tmp75_client = i2c_new_device(i2c_adapt, &my_tmp75_info);
if (my_tmp75_client == NULL)
{
printk("i2c new fail!\n");
ret = -ENODEV;
}
i2c_put_adapter(i2c_adapt);
return ret;
}
static void my_tmp75_exit(void)
{
i2c_unregister_device(my_tmp75_client);
}
module_init(my_tmp75_init);
module_exit(my_tmp75_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_AUTHOR("caodongwang");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("This my i2c device for tmp75");
2)使用 i2c_new_probed_device 注册设备
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
static struct i2c_client *my_tmp75_client;
static const unsigned short addr_list[] = { 0x46, 0x48, I2C_CLIENT_END };//必须以I2C_CLIENT_END宏结尾
static int my_i2c_dev_init(void)
{
struct i2c_adapter *i2c_adap;
struct i2c_board_info my_i2c_dev_info;
memset(&my_i2c_dev_info, 0, sizeof(struct i2c_board_info));
strlcpy(my_i2c_dev_info.type, "my_tmp75", I2C_NAME_SIZE);
i2c_adap = i2c_get_adapter(0);
my_tmp75_client = i2c_new_probed_device(i2c_adap, &my_i2c_dev_info, addr_list, NULL);//只会匹配到 0x48 地址
i2c_put_adapter(i2c_adap);
if (my_tmp75_client)
return 0;
else
return -ENODEV;
}
static void my_i2c_dev_exit(void)
{
i2c_unregister_device(my_tmp75_client);
}
module_init(my_i2c_dev_init);
module_exit(my_i2c_dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
MODULE_AUTHOR("caodongwang");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("This my i2c device for tmp75");
三、用户空间注册
1)创建 i2c 设备
echo i2c_test 0x48 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-6/new_device
使用这种方法创建的 i2c 设备会挂在 i2c_adapter 的链表上,为了方便用户空间删除 i2c 设备!
2)删除设备
echo 0x48 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-6/delete_device
删除设备只能删除在用户空间创建的 i2c 设备!
在 i2c 控制器注册时,会在/sys/bus/i2c/devices/目录下创建 i2c-x 设备文件,并且设置它的属性,而 new_device 和 delete_device 均是它的属性。
写new_device时会调用i2c_sysfs_new_device 函数,内部再调用 i2c_new_device 函数。
写delete_device时会调用i2c_sysfs_delete_device函数,内部再调用i2c_unregister_device函数。
/*
* Let users instantiate I2C devices through sysfs. This can be used when
* platform initialization code doesn't contain the proper data for
* whatever reason. Also useful for drivers that do device detection and
* detection fails, either because the device uses an unexpected address,
* or this is a compatible device with different ID register values.
*
* Parameter checking may look overzealous, but we really don't want
* the user to provide incorrect parameters.
*/
/*
让用户通过 sysfs 实例化 I2C 设备。 当平台初始化代码由于某种原因不包含正确
的数据时,可以使用它。 对于进行设备检测和检测失败的驱动程序也很有用,因为
设备使用了意外的地址,或者这是具有不同 ID 寄存器值的兼容设备。
*
参数检查可能看起来过于热心,但我们真的不希望用户提供不正确的参数。
*/
static ssize_t
i2c_sysfs_new_device(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
struct i2c_adapter *adap = to_i2c_adapter(dev);
struct i2c_board_info info;
struct i2c_client *client;
char *blank, end;
int res;
memset(&info, 0, sizeof(struct i2c_board_info));
blank = strchr(buf, ' ');
if (!blank) {
dev_err(dev, "%s: Missing parameters\n", "new_device");
return -EINVAL;
}
if (blank - buf > I2C_NAME_SIZE - 1) {
dev_err(dev, "%s: Invalid device name\n", "new_device");
return -EINVAL;
}
memcpy(info.type, buf, blank - buf);
/* Parse remaining parameters, reject extra parameters */
res = sscanf(++blank, "%hi%c", &info.addr, &end);
if (res < 1) {
dev_err(dev, "%s: Can't parse I2C address\n", "new_device");
return -EINVAL;
}
if (res > 1 && end != '\n') {
dev_err(dev, "%s: Extra parameters\n", "new_device");
return -EINVAL;
}
client = i2c_new_device(adap, &info);
if (!client)
return -EINVAL;
/* Keep track of the added device */
mutex_lock(&adap->userspace_clients_lock);
list_add_tail(&client->detected, &adap->userspace_clients);
mutex_unlock(&adap->userspace_clients_lock);
dev_info(dev, "%s: Instantiated device %s at 0x%02hx\n", "new_device",
info.type, info.addr);
return count;
}
/*
* And of course let the users delete the devices they instantiated, if
* they got it wrong. This interface can only be used to delete devices
* instantiated by i2c_sysfs_new_device above. This guarantees that we
* don't delete devices to which some kernel code still has references.
*
* Parameter checking may look overzealous, but we really don't want
* the user to delete the wrong device.
*/
/*
* 当然,如果用户弄错了,让他们删除他们实例化的设备。 该接口只能用于删除
上面 i2c_sysfs_new_device 实例化的设备。 这保证了我们不会删除某些内核
代码仍然引用的设备。
*
参数检查可能看起来过于热心,但我们真的不希望用户删除错误的设备。
*/
static ssize_t
i2c_sysfs_delete_device(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
struct i2c_adapter *adap = to_i2c_adapter(dev);
struct i2c_client *client, *next;
unsigned short addr;
char end;
int res;
/* Parse parameters, reject extra parameters */
res = sscanf(buf, "%hi%c", &addr, &end);
if (res < 1) {
dev_err(dev, "%s: Can't parse I2C address\n", "delete_device");
return -EINVAL;
}
if (res > 1 && end != '\n') {
dev_err(dev, "%s: Extra parameters\n", "delete_device");
return -EINVAL;
}
/* Make sure the device was added through sysfs */
res = -ENOENT;
mutex_lock(&adap->userspace_clients_lock);
list_for_each_entry_safe(client, next, &adap->userspace_clients,
detected) {
if (client->addr == addr) {
dev_info(dev, "%s: Deleting device %s at 0x%02hx\n",
"delete_device", client->name, client->addr);
list_del(&client->detected);
i2c_unregister_device(client);
res = count;
break;
}
}
mutex_unlock(&adap->userspace_clients_lock);
if (res < 0)
dev_err(dev, "%s: Can't find device in list\n",
"delete_device");
return res;
}
四、i2c驱动扫描注册
在《i2c设备与驱动匹配过程》中说到,i2c 驱动注册时会使用两种匹配方法去寻找i2c设备,代码如下:
struct bus_type i2c_bus_type = {
.name = "i2c",
.match = i2c_device_match,
.probe = i2c_device_probe,
.remove = i2c_device_remove,
.shutdown = i2c_device_shutdown,
.pm = &i2c_device_pm_ops,
};
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(i2c_bus_type);
int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver)
{
driver->driver.bus = &i2c_bus_type;//添加总线
res = driver_register(&driver->driver);//驱动注册核心函数,注意只传入了driver成员
/* 遍历所有挂在总线上的iic适配器,用它们去探测driver中指定的iic设备地址列表 */
i2c_for_each_dev(driver, __process_new_driver);
}
driver_register 函数已将讲解过,现在来分析 i2c_for_each_dev 函数,
int i2c_for_each_dev(void *data, int (*fn)(struct device *, void *))
{
int res;
mutex_lock(&core_lock);
res = bus_for_each_dev(&i2c_bus_type, NULL, data, fn);
mutex_unlock(&core_lock);
return res;
}
int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start,
void *data, int (*fn)(struct device *, void *))
{
struct klist_iter i;
struct device *dev;
int error = 0;
if (!bus || !bus->p)
return -EINVAL;
klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i, (start ? &start->p->knode_bus : NULL));
while (!error && (dev = next_device(&i)))
error = fn(dev, data);
klist_iter_exit(&i);
return error;
}
最终调用 __process_new_driver 函数,使用 i2c 总线上所有 i2c 适配器去探测i2c驱动中的设备地址数组!
static struct device_type i2c_client_type = {
.groups = i2c_dev_attr_groups,
.uevent = i2c_device_uevent,
.release = i2c_client_dev_release,
};
struct device_type i2c_adapter_type = {
.groups = i2c_adapter_attr_groups,
.release = i2c_adapter_dev_release,
};
static int __process_new_driver(struct device *dev, void *data)
{
if (dev->type != &i2c_adapter_type)
return 0;
return i2c_do_add_adapter(data, to_i2c_adapter(dev));
}
入口先判断传入的设备是不是i2c适配器(i2c控制器),因为在《i2c设备与驱动匹配过程》中说到,i2c 适配器和 i2c 设备一样,都会挂在 i2c 总线上,它们是通过 dev->type 项区分的。
static int i2c_do_add_adapter(struct i2c_driver *driver, struct i2c_adapter *adap)
{
/* Detect supported devices on that bus, and instantiate them */
i2c_detect(adap, driver);
…
}
最终调用i2c_detect函数,函数简化后如下:
static int i2c_detect(struct i2c_adapter *adapter, struct i2c_driver *driver)
{
int adap_id = i2c_adapter_id(adapter);
address_list = driver->address_list;
if (!driver->detect || !address_list)
return 0;
temp_client = kzalloc(sizeof(struct i2c_client), GFP_KERNEL);
itemp_client->adapter = adapter;
for (i = 0; address_list[i] != I2C_CLIENT_END; i += 1)
{
temp_client->addr = address_list[i];
err = i2c_detect_address(temp_client, driver);
if (unlikely(err))
break;
}
}
如果 i2c 驱动的设备地址数组为空或 detect 函数不存在,则结束返回,否则临时实例化一个 temp_client 设备,赋值 adapter 为当前 i2c 控制器,然后在使用该 i2c 控制器去探测 i2c 驱动设备地址数组中的所有地址,关键函数是 i2c_detect_address 如下(简化后):
static int i2c_detect_address(struct i2c_client *temp_client, struct i2c_driver *driver)
{
struct i2c_board_info info;
struct i2c_adapter *adapter = temp_client->adapter;
int addr = temp_client->addr;
int err;
err = i2c_check_7bit_addr_validity_strict(addr);//检查地址是否有效,即7位有效地址
if (err) {
return err;
}
if (i2c_check_addr_busy(adapter, addr))//跳过已经使用的i2c设备
return 0;
if (!i2c_default_probe(adapter, addr))//检查这个地址是否有回应
return 0;
memset(&info, 0, sizeof(struct i2c_board_info));
info.addr = addr;
err = driver->detect(temp_client, &info);
if (err) {
return err == -ENODEV ? 0 : err;
}
if (info.type[0] == '\0')
{
}
else
{
struct i2c_client *client;
client = i2c_new_device(adapter, &info);
if (client)
list_add_tail(&client->detected, &driver->clients);
}
}
首先检查有效性、是否有设备回应、是否被使用,之后初始化了i2c_board_info 结构,注意只初始化了地址(实例化设备必须还要名字),然后调用了 i2c 驱动中的 detect 函数,如果成功则调用 i2c_new_device函数真正实例化i2c设备,并且将i2c设备挂在i2c驱动的链表上!注意:只有这种方式添加的i2c设备才会挂在驱动的链表上!
仔细思考上面就能发现,i2c驱动中的detect函数必须要填写i2c_board_info结构体中name,i2c_new_device才能实例化i2c设备。
所以,使用i2c驱动扫描注册设备时,需要按如下格式编写驱动!
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
static int __devinit my_i2c_drv_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
{
return 0;
}
static int __devexit my_i2c_drv_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
{
return 0;
}
static const struct i2c_device_id my_dev_id_table[] = {
{ "my_i2c_dev", 0 },
{}
};//这里的名字很重要,驱动第一种匹配设备的方式要用到
static int my_i2c_drv_detect(struct i2c_client *client, struct i2c_board_info *info)
{
/* 能运行到这里, 表示该addr的设备是存在的
* 但是有些设备单凭地址无法分辨(A芯片的地址是0x50, B芯片的地址也是0x50)
* 还需要进一步读写I2C设备来分辨是哪款芯片,自己写方法
* detect就是用来进一步分辨这个芯片是哪一款,并且设置info->type,也就是设备名字
*/
printk("my_i2c_drv_detect: addr = 0x%x\n", client->addr);
/* 进一步判断是哪一款 */
strlcpy(info->type, "my_i2c_dev", I2C_NAME_SIZE);
return 0;
}
static const unsigned short addr_list[] = { 0x46, 0x48, I2C_CLIENT_END };//必须使用I2C_CLIENT_END宏结尾
/* 1. 分配/设置i2c_driver */
static struct i2c_driver my_i2c_driver = {
.class = I2C_CLASS_HWMON, /* 表示去哪些适配器上找设备,不是对应类将不会调用匹配 */
.driver = {
.name = "my_i2c_dev",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
.probe = my_i2c_drv_probe,
.remove = __devexit_p(my_i2c_drv_remove),
.id_table = my_dev_id_table,
.detect = my_i2c_drv_detect, /* 用这个函数来检测设备确实存在 ,并填充设备名字*/
.address_list = addr_list, /* 这些设备的地址 */
};
static int my_i2c_drv_init(void)
{
/* 2. 注册i2c_driver */
i2c_add_driver(&my_i2c_driver);
return 0;
}
static void my_i2c_drv_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&my_i2cc_driver);
}
module_init(my_i2c_drv_init);
module_exit(my_i2c_drv_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");