mysql utf8 czech ci,MySQL 支持utf8mb4

utf8mb4 utf8mb3 utf8

Refer to

MySQL在 5.5.3 之后增加了 utf8mb4 字符编码，mb4即 most bytes 4。简单说 utf8mb4 是 utf8 的超集并完全兼容utf8，能够用四个字节存储更多的字符。

而utf8 是 utf8mb3 的别名。标准的 UTF-8 字符集编码是可以用 1~4 个字节去编码21位字符，但是MySQL其实实现的utf8只是使用3个字节而已， utf8mb4才是真正意义上的 utf8。

如果数据库表字段设置的字符集不是utf8mb4，却插入类似emjoy表情的时候：

严格模式 下会出现 Incorrect string value: /xF0/xA1/x8B/xBE/xE5/xA2… for column 'name' 这样的错误

非严格模式下此后的数据会被截断

排序字符集

Suffix

Meaning

Remark

_ai

Accent insensitive

_as

Accent sensitive

_ci

Case insensitive

不分区大小写

_cs

case-sensitive

区分大小写

_bin

Binary

二进制存储，区分大小写

utf8mb4_ unicode_ ci VS utf8mb4_ general_ ci

utf8_general_ci校对速度快，但准确度稍差。

utf8_unicode_ci准确度高，但校对速度稍慢。

数据库一般默认选择 utf8mb4_general_ci ;

如果你的应用有德语、法语或者俄语，请一定使用utf8mb4_unicode_ci

配置

vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

# character-set-client-handshake = FALSE

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci

init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

检查目前MySQL的字符集

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';

+--------------------------+-----------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+-----------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +--------------------------+-----------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

总结

mysql 版本 5.5.3+

MySQL Connector/J Java驱动5.1.13+

/etc/my.cnf 配置中 添加配置，详见上面

排序字符集选用 utf8mb4_unicode_ci

列(字段)> 表 > 数据库

备注：

其实只要数据库支持utfbmb4(show char set)，及时MySQL配置(/etc/my.cnf)中配置的默认字符集是utf8，也可以直接指定数据库、表、字段的字符集为utf8mb4，然后在连接的时候指定字符集为utf8mb4即可。

比如设置Java的连接参数中characterEncoding=utf8mb4

查看MySQL支持的字符集列表：

root@localhost:3306.sock [test]>show char set;

+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |

+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |

| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |

| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |

| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |

| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |

| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |

| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European     | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |

| swe7     | 7bit Swedish                    | swe7_swedish_ci     |      1 |

| ascii    | US ASCII                        | ascii_general_ci    |      1 |

| ujis     | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |

| sjis     | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |

| hebrew   | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew               | hebrew_general_ci   |      1 |

| tis620   | TIS620 Thai                     | tis620_thai_ci      |      1 |

| euckr    | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |

| koi8u    | KOI8-U Ukrainian                | koi8u_general_ci    |      1 |

| gb2312   | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |

| greek    | ISO 8859-7 Greek                | greek_general_ci    |      1 |

| cp1250   | Windows Central European        | cp1250_general_ci   |      1 |

| gbk      | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |

| latin5   | ISO 8859-9 Turkish              | latin5_turkish_ci   |      1 |

| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian              | armscii8_general_ci |      1 |

| utf8     | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8_general_ci     |      3 |

| ucs2     | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |

| cp866    | DOS Russian                     | cp866_general_ci    |      1 |

| keybcs2  | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak      | keybcs2_general_ci  |      1 |

| macce    | Mac Central European            | macce_general_ci    |      1 |

| macroman | Mac West European               | macroman_general_ci |      1 |

| cp852    | DOS Central European            | cp852_general_ci    |      1 |

| latin7   | ISO 8859-13 Baltic              | latin7_general_ci   |      1 |

| utf8mb4  | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_general_ci  |      4 |

| cp1251   | Windows Cyrillic                | cp1251_general_ci   |      1 |

| utf16    | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |

| utf16le  | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |

| cp1256   | Windows Arabic                  | cp1256_general_ci   |      1 |

| cp1257   | Windows Baltic                  | cp1257_general_ci   |      1 |

| utf32    | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |

| binary   | Binary pseudo charset           | binary              |      1 |

| geostd8  | GEOSTD8 Georgian                | geostd8_general_ci  |      1 |

| cp932    | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |

| eucjpms  | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |

| gb18030  | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |

+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+

41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

建议

数据库在设置字符集的时候，设置成utf8mb4格式！