BigDecimal 小数位的处理(RoundingMode)

前言:

在日常项目开发中,接触小数是常有的事情,而产品对于小数的处理,在不同的业务中有不同的定义,比如四舍五入、截取、向上舍位、向下舍位等等场景,面对如此多的场景,你是否会束手无策?或者说自己去研究怎么实现?其实 Java 已经给我们提供了一个枚举类 RoundingMode,RoundingMode 共有 8 种舍位方式,本篇我们来逐个分析。

RoundingMode 枚举类源码如下:

package java.math;

/**
 *
 * @see     BigDecimal
 * @see     MathContext
 * @author  Josh Bloch
 * @author  Mike Cowlishaw
 * @author  Joseph D. Darcy
 * @since 1.5
 */
public enum RoundingMode {

        /**
         * Rounding mode to round away from zero.  Always increments the
         * digit prior to a non-zero discarded fraction.  Note that this
         * rounding mode never decreases the magnitude of the calculated
         * value.
         *
         *<p>Example:
         *<table border>
         * <caption><b>Rounding mode UP Examples</b></caption>
         *<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
         *    <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code UP} rounding
         *<tr align=right><td>5.5</td>  <td>6</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>2.5</td>  <td>3</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.6</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.1</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.0</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-3</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-6</td>
         *</table>
         */
    UP(BigDecimal.ROUND_UP),

        /**
         * Rounding mode to round towards zero.  Never increments the digit
         * prior to a discarded fraction (i.e., truncates).  Note that this
         * rounding mode never increases the magnitude of the calculated value.
         *
         *<p>Example:
         *<table border>
         * <caption><b>Rounding mode DOWN Examples</b></caption>
         *<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
         *    <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code DOWN} rounding
         *<tr align=right><td>5.5</td>  <td>5</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>2.5</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.6</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.1</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.0</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-5</td>
         *</table>
         */
    DOWN(BigDecimal.ROUND_DOWN),

        /**
         * Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity.  If the
         * result is positive, behaves as for {@code RoundingMode.UP};
         * if negative, behaves as for {@code RoundingMode.DOWN}.  Note
         * that this rounding mode never decreases the calculated value.
         *
         *<p>Example:
         *<table border>
         * <caption><b>Rounding mode CEILING Examples</b></caption>
         *<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
         *    <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code CEILING} rounding
         *<tr align=right><td>5.5</td>  <td>6</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>2.5</td>  <td>3</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.6</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.1</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.0</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-5</td>
         *</table>
         */
    CEILING(BigDecimal.ROUND_CEILING),

        /**
         * Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity.  If the
         * result is positive, behave as for {@code RoundingMode.DOWN};
         * if negative, behave as for {@code RoundingMode.UP}.  Note that
         * this rounding mode never increases the calculated value.
         *
         *<p>Example:
         *<table border>
         * <caption><b>Rounding mode FLOOR Examples</b></caption>
         *<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
         *    <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code FLOOR} rounding
         *<tr align=right><td>5.5</td>  <td>5</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>2.5</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.6</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.1</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.0</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-3</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-6</td>
         *</table>
         */
    FLOOR(BigDecimal.ROUND_FLOOR),

        /**
         * Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
         * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round up.
         * Behaves as for {@code RoundingMode.UP} if the discarded
         * fraction is &ge; 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for
         * {@code RoundingMode.DOWN}.  Note that this is the rounding
         * mode commonly taught at school.
         *
         *<p>Example:
         *<table border>
         * <caption><b>Rounding mode HALF_UP Examples</b></caption>
         *<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
         *    <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code HALF_UP} rounding
         *<tr align=right><td>5.5</td>  <td>6</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>2.5</td>  <td>3</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.6</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.1</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.0</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-3</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-6</td>
         *</table>
         */
    HALF_UP(BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP),

        /**
         * Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
         * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round
         * down.  Behaves as for {@code RoundingMode.UP} if the discarded
         * fraction is &gt; 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for
         * {@code RoundingMode.DOWN}.
         *
         *<p>Example:
         *<table border>
         * <caption><b>Rounding mode HALF_DOWN Examples</b></caption>
         *<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
         *    <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code HALF_DOWN} rounding
         *<tr align=right><td>5.5</td>  <td>5</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>2.5</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.6</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.1</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.0</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-5</td>
         *</table>
         */
    HALF_DOWN(BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN),

        /**
         * Rounding mode to round towards the {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
         * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, round
         * towards the even neighbor.  Behaves as for
         * {@code RoundingMode.HALF_UP} if the digit to the left of the
         * discarded fraction is odd; behaves as for
         * {@code RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN} if it's even.  Note that this
         * is the rounding mode that statistically minimizes cumulative
         * error when applied repeatedly over a sequence of calculations.
         * It is sometimes known as {@literal "Banker's rounding,"} and is
         * chiefly used in the USA.  This rounding mode is analogous to
         * the rounding policy used for {@code float} and {@code double}
         * arithmetic in Java.
         *
         *<p>Example:
         *<table border>
         * <caption><b>Rounding mode HALF_EVEN Examples</b></caption>
         *<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
         *    <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code HALF_EVEN} rounding
         *<tr align=right><td>5.5</td>  <td>6</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>2.5</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.6</td>  <td>2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.1</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.0</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-2</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-6</td>
         *</table>
         */
    HALF_EVEN(BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN),

        /**
         * Rounding mode to assert that the requested operation has an exact
         * result, hence no rounding is necessary.  If this rounding mode is
         * specified on an operation that yields an inexact result, an
         * {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown.
         *<p>Example:
         *<table border>
         * <caption><b>Rounding mode UNNECESSARY Examples</b></caption>
         *<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
         *    <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code UNNECESSARY} rounding
         *<tr align=right><td>5.5</td>  <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>2.5</td>  <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.6</td>  <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.1</td>  <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>1.0</td>  <td>1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
         *<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
         *</table>
         */
    UNNECESSARY(BigDecimal.ROUND_UNNECESSARY);

    // Corresponding BigDecimal rounding constant
    final int oldMode;

    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param oldMode The {@code BigDecimal} constant corresponding to
     *        this mode
     */
    private RoundingMode(int oldMode) {
        this.oldMode = oldMode;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the {@code RoundingMode} object corresponding to a
     * legacy integer rounding mode constant in {@link BigDecimal}.
     *
     * @param  rm legacy integer rounding mode to convert
     * @return {@code RoundingMode} corresponding to the given integer.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException integer is out of range
     */
    public static RoundingMode valueOf(int rm) {
        switch(rm) {

        case BigDecimal.ROUND_UP:
            return UP;

        case BigDecimal.ROUND_DOWN:
            return DOWN;

        case BigDecimal.ROUND_CEILING:
            return CEILING;

        case BigDecimal.ROUND_FLOOR:
            return FLOOR;

        case BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP:
            return HALF_UP;

        case BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN:
            return HALF_DOWN;

        case BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN:
            return HALF_EVEN;

        case BigDecimal.ROUND_UNNECESSARY:
            return UNNECESSARY;

        default:
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("argument out of range");
        }
    }
}

8种舍位模式含义解析:

  • RoundingMode.UP:正数向上舍位,负数向下舍位。
  • RoundingMode.DOWN:直接保留指定位数数字,可以理解为截取。
  • RoundingMode.CEILING:直译是天花板的意思,正数的效果如同 RoundingMode.UP,负数的效果如同 RoundingMode.DOWN。
  • RoundingMode.FLOOR:直译是地板的意思,和 RoundingMode.CEILING 刚好相反,正数的效果如同 RoundingMode.DOWN,负数的效果如同 RoundingMode.UP。
  • RoundingMode.HALF_UP:就是比较常见的四舍五入。
  • RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN:五舍六入。
  • RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN:指定位数后面的小数是5,且5后面有数字且这些数字不全部为0,则进一位,否则看5前面的一位,如果是奇数就进一位,如果是偶数则不进位,其他情况四舍五入。
  • RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY:指定位数后没有数字或者全部是0,否则会抛出异常。

RoundingMode.UP 验证:

BigDecimal bigDecimal1 = new BigDecimal("1.235");
BigDecimal up1 = bigDecimal1.setScale(2, RoundingMode.UP);
BigDecimal bigDecimal2 = new BigDecimal("-1.233");
BigDecimal up2 = bigDecimal2.setScale(2, RoundingMode.UP);
System.out.println("up1:" + up1);
System.out.println("up2:" + up2);

执行结果:

up1:1.24
up2:-1.24

正数向上舍位,负数向下舍位,符合预期。

RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN 验证:

BigDecimal down = new BigDecimal("1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.DOWN);
System.out.println("down:" + down);

执行结果:

down:1.23

截取直接保留指定位数数字,符合预期。

RoundingMode.CEILING 验证:

BigDecimal ceilingOne = new BigDecimal("1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.CEILING);
BigDecimal ceilingTwo = new BigDecimal("-1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.CEILING);
System.out.println("ceilingOne:" + ceilingOne);
System.out.println("ceilingTwo:" + ceilingTwo);

执行结果:

ceilingOne:1.24
ceilingTwo:-1.23

正数向上舍位,负数直接截取,符合预期。

RoundingMode.FLOOR 验证:

BigDecimal floorOne = new BigDecimal("1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
BigDecimal floorTwo = new BigDecimal("-1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
System.out.println("floorOne:" + floorOne);
System.out.println("floorTwo:" + floorTwo);

执行结果:

floorOne:1.23
floorTwo:-1.24

正数截取,负数向下舍位,符合预期。

RoundingMode.HALF_UP 验证:

BigDecimal halfUpOne = new BigDecimal("1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
BigDecimal halfUpTwo = new BigDecimal("1.234").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
System.out.println("halfUpOne:" + halfUpOne);
System.out.println("halfUpTwo:" + halfUpTwo);

执行结果:

halfUpOne:1.24
halfUpTwo:1.23

四舍五入,符合预期。

RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN 验证:

BigDecimal halfEvenOne = new BigDecimal("1.2351").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenTwo = new BigDecimal("1.2250").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenThree = new BigDecimal("1.2350").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenFour = new BigDecimal("1.2450").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenFive = new BigDecimal("1.244").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenSix = new BigDecimal("1.246").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
System.out.println("halfEvenOne:" + halfEvenOne);
System.out.println("halfEvenTwo:" + halfEvenTwo);
System.out.println("halfEvenThree:" + halfEvenThree);
System.out.println("halfEvenFour:" + halfEvenFour);
System.out.println("halfEvenFive:" + halfEvenFive);
System.out.println("halfEvenSix:" + halfEvenSix);

执行结果:

halfEvenOne:1.24
halfEvenTwo:1.22
halfEvenThree:1.24
halfEvenFour:1.24
halfEvenFive:1.24
halfEvenSix:1.25

符合预期。

RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN 验证:

BigDecimal unnecessaryOne = new BigDecimal("1.240").setScale(2, RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY);
System.out.println("unnecessaryOne:" + unnecessaryOne);
BigDecimal unnecessaryTwo = new BigDecimal("1.2401").setScale(2, RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY);
System.out.println("unnecessaryTwo:" + unnecessaryTwo);

执行结果:

unnecessaryOne:1.24
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary
	at java.math.BigDecimal.commonNeedIncrement(BigDecimal.java:4148)
	at java.math.BigDecimal.needIncrement(BigDecimal.java:4204)
	at java.math.BigDecimal.divideAndRound(BigDecimal.java:4112)
	at java.math.BigDecimal.setScale(BigDecimal.java:2452)
	at java.math.BigDecimal.setScale(BigDecimal.java:2386)
	at com.zt.dc.portal.admin.web.service.impl.satisfaction.SatisfactionEvaluationServiceImpl.main(SatisfactionEvaluationServiceImpl.java:262)

一个正常输出,一个抛出异常,符合预期。

总结:本文对 RoundingMode 共有 8 种舍位方式进行了详细分析验证,希望可以帮助到有需要的小伙伴。

欢迎提出建议及对错误的地方指出纠正。

  • 4
    点赞
  • 10
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值