前言:
在日常项目开发中,接触小数是常有的事情,而产品对于小数的处理,在不同的业务中有不同的定义,比如四舍五入、截取、向上舍位、向下舍位等等场景,面对如此多的场景,你是否会束手无策?或者说自己去研究怎么实现?其实 Java 已经给我们提供了一个枚举类 RoundingMode,RoundingMode 共有 8 种舍位方式,本篇我们来逐个分析。
RoundingMode 枚举类源码如下:
package java.math;
/**
*
* @see BigDecimal
* @see MathContext
* @author Josh Bloch
* @author Mike Cowlishaw
* @author Joseph D. Darcy
* @since 1.5
*/
public enum RoundingMode {
/**
* Rounding mode to round away from zero. Always increments the
* digit prior to a non-zero discarded fraction. Note that this
* rounding mode never decreases the magnitude of the calculated
* value.
*
*<p>Example:
*<table border>
* <caption><b>Rounding mode UP Examples</b></caption>
*<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
* <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code UP} rounding
*<tr align=right><td>5.5</td> <td>6</td>
*<tr align=right><td>2.5</td> <td>3</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.6</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.1</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.0</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-3</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-6</td>
*</table>
*/
UP(BigDecimal.ROUND_UP),
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards zero. Never increments the digit
* prior to a discarded fraction (i.e., truncates). Note that this
* rounding mode never increases the magnitude of the calculated value.
*
*<p>Example:
*<table border>
* <caption><b>Rounding mode DOWN Examples</b></caption>
*<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
* <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code DOWN} rounding
*<tr align=right><td>5.5</td> <td>5</td>
*<tr align=right><td>2.5</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.6</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.1</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.0</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-5</td>
*</table>
*/
DOWN(BigDecimal.ROUND_DOWN),
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity. If the
* result is positive, behaves as for {@code RoundingMode.UP};
* if negative, behaves as for {@code RoundingMode.DOWN}. Note
* that this rounding mode never decreases the calculated value.
*
*<p>Example:
*<table border>
* <caption><b>Rounding mode CEILING Examples</b></caption>
*<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
* <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code CEILING} rounding
*<tr align=right><td>5.5</td> <td>6</td>
*<tr align=right><td>2.5</td> <td>3</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.6</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.1</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.0</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-5</td>
*</table>
*/
CEILING(BigDecimal.ROUND_CEILING),
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity. If the
* result is positive, behave as for {@code RoundingMode.DOWN};
* if negative, behave as for {@code RoundingMode.UP}. Note that
* this rounding mode never increases the calculated value.
*
*<p>Example:
*<table border>
* <caption><b>Rounding mode FLOOR Examples</b></caption>
*<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
* <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code FLOOR} rounding
*<tr align=right><td>5.5</td> <td>5</td>
*<tr align=right><td>2.5</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.6</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.1</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.0</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-3</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-6</td>
*</table>
*/
FLOOR(BigDecimal.ROUND_FLOOR),
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
* unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round up.
* Behaves as for {@code RoundingMode.UP} if the discarded
* fraction is ≥ 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for
* {@code RoundingMode.DOWN}. Note that this is the rounding
* mode commonly taught at school.
*
*<p>Example:
*<table border>
* <caption><b>Rounding mode HALF_UP Examples</b></caption>
*<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
* <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code HALF_UP} rounding
*<tr align=right><td>5.5</td> <td>6</td>
*<tr align=right><td>2.5</td> <td>3</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.6</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.1</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.0</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-3</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-6</td>
*</table>
*/
HALF_UP(BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP),
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
* unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round
* down. Behaves as for {@code RoundingMode.UP} if the discarded
* fraction is > 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for
* {@code RoundingMode.DOWN}.
*
*<p>Example:
*<table border>
* <caption><b>Rounding mode HALF_DOWN Examples</b></caption>
*<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
* <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code HALF_DOWN} rounding
*<tr align=right><td>5.5</td> <td>5</td>
*<tr align=right><td>2.5</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.6</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.1</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.0</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-5</td>
*</table>
*/
HALF_DOWN(BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN),
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards the {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
* unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, round
* towards the even neighbor. Behaves as for
* {@code RoundingMode.HALF_UP} if the digit to the left of the
* discarded fraction is odd; behaves as for
* {@code RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN} if it's even. Note that this
* is the rounding mode that statistically minimizes cumulative
* error when applied repeatedly over a sequence of calculations.
* It is sometimes known as {@literal "Banker's rounding,"} and is
* chiefly used in the USA. This rounding mode is analogous to
* the rounding policy used for {@code float} and {@code double}
* arithmetic in Java.
*
*<p>Example:
*<table border>
* <caption><b>Rounding mode HALF_EVEN Examples</b></caption>
*<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
* <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code HALF_EVEN} rounding
*<tr align=right><td>5.5</td> <td>6</td>
*<tr align=right><td>2.5</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.6</td> <td>2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.1</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.0</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>-2</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>-6</td>
*</table>
*/
HALF_EVEN(BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN),
/**
* Rounding mode to assert that the requested operation has an exact
* result, hence no rounding is necessary. If this rounding mode is
* specified on an operation that yields an inexact result, an
* {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown.
*<p>Example:
*<table border>
* <caption><b>Rounding mode UNNECESSARY Examples</b></caption>
*<tr valign=top><th>Input Number</th>
* <th>Input rounded to one digit<br> with {@code UNNECESSARY} rounding
*<tr align=right><td>5.5</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
*<tr align=right><td>2.5</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.6</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.1</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
*<tr align=right><td>1.0</td> <td>1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.0</td> <td>-1</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.1</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-1.6</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-2.5</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
*<tr align=right><td>-5.5</td> <td>throw {@code ArithmeticException}</td>
*</table>
*/
UNNECESSARY(BigDecimal.ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
// Corresponding BigDecimal rounding constant
final int oldMode;
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param oldMode The {@code BigDecimal} constant corresponding to
* this mode
*/
private RoundingMode(int oldMode) {
this.oldMode = oldMode;
}
/**
* Returns the {@code RoundingMode} object corresponding to a
* legacy integer rounding mode constant in {@link BigDecimal}.
*
* @param rm legacy integer rounding mode to convert
* @return {@code RoundingMode} corresponding to the given integer.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException integer is out of range
*/
public static RoundingMode valueOf(int rm) {
switch(rm) {
case BigDecimal.ROUND_UP:
return UP;
case BigDecimal.ROUND_DOWN:
return DOWN;
case BigDecimal.ROUND_CEILING:
return CEILING;
case BigDecimal.ROUND_FLOOR:
return FLOOR;
case BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP:
return HALF_UP;
case BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN:
return HALF_DOWN;
case BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN:
return HALF_EVEN;
case BigDecimal.ROUND_UNNECESSARY:
return UNNECESSARY;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("argument out of range");
}
}
}
8种舍位模式含义解析:
- RoundingMode.UP:正数向上舍位,负数向下舍位。
- RoundingMode.DOWN:直接保留指定位数数字,可以理解为截取。
- RoundingMode.CEILING:直译是天花板的意思,正数的效果如同 RoundingMode.UP,负数的效果如同 RoundingMode.DOWN。
- RoundingMode.FLOOR:直译是地板的意思,和 RoundingMode.CEILING 刚好相反,正数的效果如同 RoundingMode.DOWN,负数的效果如同 RoundingMode.UP。
- RoundingMode.HALF_UP:就是比较常见的四舍五入。
- RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN:五舍六入。
- RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN:指定位数后面的小数是5,且5后面有数字且这些数字不全部为0,则进一位,否则看5前面的一位,如果是奇数就进一位,如果是偶数则不进位,其他情况四舍五入。
- RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY:指定位数后没有数字或者全部是0,否则会抛出异常。
RoundingMode.UP 验证:
BigDecimal bigDecimal1 = new BigDecimal("1.235");
BigDecimal up1 = bigDecimal1.setScale(2, RoundingMode.UP);
BigDecimal bigDecimal2 = new BigDecimal("-1.233");
BigDecimal up2 = bigDecimal2.setScale(2, RoundingMode.UP);
System.out.println("up1:" + up1);
System.out.println("up2:" + up2);
执行结果:
up1:1.24
up2:-1.24
正数向上舍位,负数向下舍位,符合预期。
RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN 验证:
BigDecimal down = new BigDecimal("1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.DOWN);
System.out.println("down:" + down);
执行结果:
down:1.23
截取直接保留指定位数数字,符合预期。
RoundingMode.CEILING 验证:
BigDecimal ceilingOne = new BigDecimal("1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.CEILING);
BigDecimal ceilingTwo = new BigDecimal("-1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.CEILING);
System.out.println("ceilingOne:" + ceilingOne);
System.out.println("ceilingTwo:" + ceilingTwo);
执行结果:
ceilingOne:1.24
ceilingTwo:-1.23
正数向上舍位,负数直接截取,符合预期。
RoundingMode.FLOOR 验证:
BigDecimal floorOne = new BigDecimal("1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
BigDecimal floorTwo = new BigDecimal("-1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.FLOOR);
System.out.println("floorOne:" + floorOne);
System.out.println("floorTwo:" + floorTwo);
执行结果:
floorOne:1.23
floorTwo:-1.24
正数截取,负数向下舍位,符合预期。
RoundingMode.HALF_UP 验证:
BigDecimal halfUpOne = new BigDecimal("1.235").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
BigDecimal halfUpTwo = new BigDecimal("1.234").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
System.out.println("halfUpOne:" + halfUpOne);
System.out.println("halfUpTwo:" + halfUpTwo);
执行结果:
halfUpOne:1.24
halfUpTwo:1.23
四舍五入,符合预期。
RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN 验证:
BigDecimal halfEvenOne = new BigDecimal("1.2351").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenTwo = new BigDecimal("1.2250").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenThree = new BigDecimal("1.2350").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenFour = new BigDecimal("1.2450").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenFive = new BigDecimal("1.244").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
BigDecimal halfEvenSix = new BigDecimal("1.246").setScale(2, RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
System.out.println("halfEvenOne:" + halfEvenOne);
System.out.println("halfEvenTwo:" + halfEvenTwo);
System.out.println("halfEvenThree:" + halfEvenThree);
System.out.println("halfEvenFour:" + halfEvenFour);
System.out.println("halfEvenFive:" + halfEvenFive);
System.out.println("halfEvenSix:" + halfEvenSix);
执行结果:
halfEvenOne:1.24
halfEvenTwo:1.22
halfEvenThree:1.24
halfEvenFour:1.24
halfEvenFive:1.24
halfEvenSix:1.25
符合预期。
RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN 验证:
BigDecimal unnecessaryOne = new BigDecimal("1.240").setScale(2, RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY);
System.out.println("unnecessaryOne:" + unnecessaryOne);
BigDecimal unnecessaryTwo = new BigDecimal("1.2401").setScale(2, RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY);
System.out.println("unnecessaryTwo:" + unnecessaryTwo);
执行结果:
unnecessaryOne:1.24
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: Rounding necessary
at java.math.BigDecimal.commonNeedIncrement(BigDecimal.java:4148)
at java.math.BigDecimal.needIncrement(BigDecimal.java:4204)
at java.math.BigDecimal.divideAndRound(BigDecimal.java:4112)
at java.math.BigDecimal.setScale(BigDecimal.java:2452)
at java.math.BigDecimal.setScale(BigDecimal.java:2386)
at com.zt.dc.portal.admin.web.service.impl.satisfaction.SatisfactionEvaluationServiceImpl.main(SatisfactionEvaluationServiceImpl.java:262)
一个正常输出,一个抛出异常,符合预期。
总结:本文对 RoundingMode 共有 8 种舍位方式进行了详细分析验证,希望可以帮助到有需要的小伙伴。
欢迎提出建议及对错误的地方指出纠正。