本章主要介绍Socket的基本概念,传统的同步阻塞式I/O编程,伪异步IO实现,学习NIO的同步非阻塞编程和NIO2.0(AIO)异步非阻塞编程。
目前为止,Java共支持3种网络编程模型:BIO、NIO、AIO:
Java BIO : 同步并阻塞,服务器实现模式为一个连接一个线程,即客户端有连接请求时服务器端就需要启动一个线程进行处理,如果这个连接不做任何事情会造成不必要的线程开销,当然可以通过线程池机制改善。
Java NIO : 同步非阻塞,服务器实现模式为一个请求一个线程,即客户端发送的连接请求都会注册到多路复用器上,多路复用器轮询到连接有I/O请求时才启动一个线程进行处理。
Java AIO(NIO.2) : 异步非阻塞,服务器实现模式为一个有效请求一个线程,客户端的I/O请求都是由OS先完成了再通知服务器应用去启动线程进行处理。
BIO、NIO、AIO适用场景分析:
BIO方式适用于连接数目比较小且固定的架构,这种方式对服务器资源要求比较高,并发局限于应用中,JDK1.4以前的唯一选择,但程序直观简单易理解。
NIO方式适用于连接数目多且连接比较短(轻操作)的架构,比如聊天服务器,并发局限于应用中,编程比较复杂,JDK1.4开始支持。
AIO方式使用于连接数目多且连接比较长(重操作)的架构,比如相册服务器,充分调用OS参与并发操作,编程比较复杂,JDK7开始支持。
一:基本概念
Socket又被称为 "套接字" ,应用程序通常都是通过 "套接字" 向网络发出请求和接收请求。Socket和serverSocket类位于java.net包中。ServerSocket用于(Server)服务端,Socket用于
(Client)客户端。当服务端和客户端建立连接后。两端都会产生一个Socket实例,并且是平等的。不管是Socket还是ServerSocket。都是通过操作SocketImpl和其子类完成相关功能。
连接过程四步骤: 1:服务器监听 2:客户端请求 3:服务端连接确认 4:客户端连接确认
二:传统同步阻塞IO实现
服务端ServerSocket:
1 final static int PROT = 8765;2
3 ServerSocket server = null;4
5 server = newServerSocket(PROT);6
7 Socket socket = server.accept(); //进行阻塞
8
9 new Thread(new ServerHandler(socket)).start(); //服务端运行,等待客户端连接
客户端Socket:
1 final static String ADDRESS = "127.0.0.1";2
3 final static int PORT = 8765;4
5 Socket socket = null;6
7 socket = new Socket(ADDRESS, PORT); //进行连接
服务端处理器ServerHandler:
1 //实现Runnable
2
3 privateSocket socket ;4
5 publicServerHandler(Socket socket){6 this.socket =socket;7 }8
9 //重写run方法:
10
11 @Override12 public voidrun() {13 BufferedReader in = null;14 PrintWriter out = null;15 try{16 in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.socket.getInputStream()));17 out = new PrintWriter(this.socket.getOutputStream(), true);18 String body = null;19 while(true){20 body =in.readLine();21 if(body == null) break;22 System.out.println("Server :" +body);23 out.println("服务器端回送响的应数据.");24 }25 } catch(Exception e) {26 e.printStackTrace();27
28 }
三:伪异步实现:
原理:传统的是直接new Thread()来进行运行任务,现在我们直接通过自定义线程池来实现伪异步。
1 //之前服务端运行:2
3 //新建一个线程执行客户端的任务
4 new Thread(new ServerHandler(socket)).start();
1 //现在伪异步:
2
3 HandlerExecutorPool executorPool = new HandlerExecutorPool(50, 1000);4 while(true){5 socket =server.accept();6 executorPool.execute(newServerHandler(socket));7 }
自定义线程池:HandlerExecutorPool
1 public classHandlerExecutorPool {2
3 privateExecutorService executor;4 public HandlerExecutorPool(int maxPoolSize, intqueueSize){5 this.executor = newThreadPoolExecutor(6 Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(),7 maxPoolSize,8 120L,9 TimeUnit.SECONDS,10 new ArrayBlockingQueue(queueSize));11 }12
13 public voidexecute(Runnable task){14 this.executor.execute(task);15 }16
17 }
四:NIO(非阻塞编程)
传统IO和NIO的差异:IO是同步阻塞 NIO是同步非阻塞。 在jdk1.7以后,NIO升级(NIO2.0)AIO,实现了异步非阻塞
传统的IO(BIO)阻塞:在网络应用程序获取网络数据时,如果网络传输数据很慢,那么程序就一直等着,直到传输完毕为止。
NIO:无需等待,直接获取数据,在数据没有传输完毕时,不获取数据,数据暂时放在缓冲区,等传输完毕以后,缓冲区发出通知,客户端获取数据,实现不等待。
基本概念:
Buffer(缓冲区) channel(管道、通道) Selector(选择器,多路复用器)
Buffer注意事项:每次在put(),for循环 之后都要进行flip()复位。要复位下标
Buffer常用方法:
flip()复位:因为buffer和游标类似,每次新增数据之后,它的下标都会自增,如果用for循环遍历时,他只会遍历没有填充的下标的值,所以要用filp()方法复
位。
wrap(数组):wrap方法会包裹一个数组: 一般这种用法不会先初始化缓存对象的长度,因为没有意义,最后还会被wrap所包裹的数组覆盖掉
duplicate(): buffer复制的方法 。一个buffer数据复制给另外一个buffer数组
position(index):设置buffer可读的下标的位置
remaining() :返回buffer可读的长度
get(数组):把buffer数据复制给数组
Channel管道:双向
两大类: 1:网络读写类(SelectableChannel) 2:文件操作类(FileChannel)
我们要使用的SocketChannel和ServerSocketChannel就在SelectableChannel类里面
Selector:选择器(多路复用器)
原理:Selector不断的注册轮询注册在其上的通道(SocketChannel),如果某一个通道发生了读写操作,这个通道就处于就绪状态,会被Selector轮询出
来。然后通过SelectionKey就可以获取到就绪的Channel集合,从而进行后续操作。
四大状态:连接状态 阻塞状态 可读状态 可写状态
下面来看一下程序中是怎么通过这些类库实现Socket功能。
首先介绍一下几个辅助类
辅助类SerializableUtil,这个类用来把java对象序列化成字节数组,或者把字节数组反序列化成java对象。
packagecom.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket;
importjava.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
importjava.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
importjava.io.IOException;
importjava.io.ObjectInputStream;
importjava.io.ObjectOutputStream;
publicclassSerializableUtil {
publicstaticbyte[] toBytes(Object object) {
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = newByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
try{
oos = newObjectOutputStream(baos);
oos.writeObject(object);
byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
returnbytes;
} catch(IOException ex) {
thrownewRuntimeException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
} finally{
try{
oos.close();
} catch(Exception e) {}
}
}
publicstaticObject toObject(byte[] bytes) {
ByteArrayInputStream bais = newByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
try{
ois = newObjectInputStream(bais);
Object object = ois.readObject();
returnobject;
} catch(IOException ex) {
thrownewRuntimeException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
} catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {
thrownewRuntimeException(ex.getMessage(), ex);
} finally{
try{
ois.close();
} catch(Exception e) {}
}
}
}
辅助类MyRequestObject和MyResponseObject,这两个类是普通的java对象,实现了Serializable接口。MyRequestObject类是Client发出的请求,MyResponseObject是Server端作出的响应。
packagecom.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.nio;
importjava.io.Serializable;
publicclassMyRequestObjectimplementsSerializable {
privatestaticfinallongserialVersionUID = 1L;
privateString name;
privateString value;
privatebyte[] bytes;
publicMyRequestObject(String name, String value) {
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
this.bytes =newbyte[1024];
}
publicString getName() {
returnname;
}
publicvoidsetName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
publicString getValue() {
returnvalue;
}
publicvoidsetValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
publicString toString() {
StringBuffer sb = newStringBuffer();
sb.append("Request [name: "+ name +", value: "+ value +", bytes: "+ bytes.length+"]");
returnsb.toString();
}
}
packagecom.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.nio;
importjava.io.Serializable;
publicclassMyResponseObjectimplementsSerializable {
privatestaticfinallongserialVersionUID = 1L;
privateString name;
privateString value;
privatebyte[] bytes;
publicMyResponseObject(String name, String value) {
this.name = name;
this.value = value;
this.bytes =newbyte[1024];
}
publicString getName() {
returnname;
}
publicvoidsetName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
publicString getValue() {
returnvalue;
}
publicvoidsetValue(String value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
publicString toString() {
StringBuffer sb = newStringBuffer();
sb.append("Response [name: "+ name +", value: "+ value +", bytes: "+ bytes.length+"]");
returnsb.toString();
}
}
下面主要看一下Server端的代码,其中有一些英文注释对理解代码很有帮助,注释主要是来源jdk的文档和例子,这里就没有再翻译
packagecom.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.nio;
importjava.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
importjava.io.IOException;
importjava.net.InetSocketAddress;
importjava.nio.ByteBuffer;
importjava.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
importjava.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
importjava.nio.channels.Selector;
importjava.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
importjava.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
importjava.util.Iterator;
importjava.util.logging.Level;
importjava.util.logging.Logger;
importcom.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.SerializableUtil;
publicclassMyServer3 {
privatefinalstaticLogger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyServer3.class.getName());
publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args) {
Selector selector = null;
ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
try{
// Selector for incoming time requests
selector = Selector.open();
// Create a new server socket and set to non blocking mode
serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// Bind the server socket to the local host and port
serverSocketChannel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(newInetSocketAddress(10000));
// Register accepts on the server socket with the selector. This
// step tells the selector that the socket wants to be put on the
// ready list when accept operations occur, so allowing multiplexed
// non-blocking I/O to take place.
serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
// Here's where everything happens. The select method will
// return when any operations registered above have occurred, the
// thread has been interrupted, etc.
while(selector.select() >0) {
// Someone is ready for I/O, get the ready keys
Iterator it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
// Walk through the ready keys collection and process date requests.
while(it.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey readyKey = it.next();
it.remove();
// The key indexes into the selector so you
// can retrieve the socket that's ready for I/O
execute((ServerSocketChannel) readyKey.channel());
}
}
} catch(ClosedChannelException ex) {
logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} catch(IOException ex) {
logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} finally{
try{
selector.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
try{
serverSocketChannel.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
}
}
privatestaticvoidexecute(ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel)throwsIOException {
SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
try{
socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
MyRequestObject myRequestObject = receiveData(socketChannel);
logger.log(Level.INFO, myRequestObject.toString());
MyResponseObject myResponseObject = newMyResponseObject(
"response for "+ myRequestObject.getName(),
"response for "+ myRequestObject.getValue());
sendData(socketChannel, myResponseObject);
logger.log(Level.INFO, myResponseObject.toString());
} finally{
try{
socketChannel.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
}
}
privatestaticMyRequestObject receiveData(SocketChannel socketChannel)throwsIOException {
MyRequestObject myRequestObject = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = newByteArrayOutputStream();
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
try{
byte[] bytes;
intsize =0;
while((size = socketChannel.read(buffer)) >=0) {
buffer.flip();
bytes = newbyte[size];
buffer.get(bytes);
baos.write(bytes);
buffer.clear();
}
bytes = baos.toByteArray();
Object obj = SerializableUtil.toObject(bytes);
myRequestObject = (MyRequestObject)obj;
} finally{
try{
baos.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
}
returnmyRequestObject;
}
privatestaticvoidsendData(SocketChannel socketChannel, MyResponseObject myResponseObject)throwsIOException {
byte[] bytes = SerializableUtil.toBytes(myResponseObject);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
socketChannel.write(buffer);
}
}
下面是Client的代码,代码比较简单就是启动了100个线程来访问Server
packagecom.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.nio;
importjava.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
importjava.io.IOException;
importjava.net.InetSocketAddress;
importjava.net.SocketAddress;
importjava.nio.ByteBuffer;
importjava.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
importjava.util.logging.Level;
importjava.util.logging.Logger;
importcom.googlecode.garbagecan.test.socket.SerializableUtil;
publicclassMyClient3 {
privatefinalstaticLogger logger = Logger.getLogger(MyClient3.class.getName());
publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args)throwsException {
for(inti =0; i <100; i++) {
finalintidx = i;
newThread(newMyRunnable(idx)).start();
}
}
privatestaticfinalclassMyRunnableimplementsRunnable {
privatefinalintidx;
privateMyRunnable(intidx) {
this.idx = idx;
}
publicvoidrun() {
SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
try{
socketChannel = SocketChannel.open();
SocketAddress socketAddress = newInetSocketAddress("localhost",10000);
socketChannel.connect(socketAddress);
MyRequestObject myRequestObject = newMyRequestObject("request_"+ idx,"request_"+ idx);
logger.log(Level.INFO, myRequestObject.toString());
sendData(socketChannel, myRequestObject);
MyResponseObject myResponseObject = receiveData(socketChannel);
logger.log(Level.INFO, myResponseObject.toString());
} catch(Exception ex) {
logger.log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
} finally{
try{
socketChannel.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
}
}
privatevoidsendData(SocketChannel socketChannel, MyRequestObject myRequestObject)throwsIOException {
byte[] bytes = SerializableUtil.toBytes(myRequestObject);
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes);
socketChannel.write(buffer);
socketChannel.socket().shutdownOutput();
}
privateMyResponseObject receiveData(SocketChannel socketChannel)throwsIOException {
MyResponseObject myResponseObject = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = newByteArrayOutputStream();
try{
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
byte[] bytes;
intcount =0;
while((count = socketChannel.read(buffer)) >=0) {
buffer.flip();
bytes = newbyte[count];
buffer.get(bytes);
baos.write(bytes);
buffer.clear();
}
bytes = baos.toByteArray();
Object obj = SerializableUtil.toObject(bytes);
myResponseObject = (MyResponseObject) obj;
socketChannel.socket().shutdownInput();
} finally{
try{
baos.close();
} catch(Exception ex) {}
}
returnmyResponseObject;
}
}
}
最后测试上面的代码,首先运行Server类,然后运行Client类,就可以分别在Server端和Client端控制台看到发送或接收到的MyRequestObject或MyResponseObject对象了。
代码实现:
注:转自http://blog.csdn.net/kongxx/article/details/7288896
五:NIO2.0(AIO) 异步非阻塞
AIO编程:在NIO基础上引入异步的通到的概念,实现了异步文件和异步套字节,jdk1.7以后升级。
基本概念
1 AsynchronousChannel:支持异步通道,包括服务端AsynchronousServerSocketChannel和客户端AsynchronousSocketChannel等实现。2 CompletionHandler:用户处理器。定义了一个用户处理就绪事件的接口,由用户自己实现,异步io的数据就绪后回调该处理器消费或处理数据。3 AsynchronousChannelGroup:一个用于资源共享的异步通道集合。处理IO事件和分配给CompletionHandler。(具体这块还没细看代码,后续再分析这块)
所谓AIO,就是异步非阻塞IO,是NIO的升级版本,也就是NIO2.0版本,但是与NIO不同,当进行读写操作时,只须直接调用API的read或write方法即可。这两种方法均为异步
的,对于读操作而言,当有流可读取时,操作系统会将可读的流传入read方法的缓冲区,并通知应用程序;对于写操作而言,当操作系统将write方法传递的流写入完毕时,操作
系统主动通知应用程序。 即可以理解为,read/write方法都是异步的,完成后会主动调用回调函数。
具体代码实现:
1 //Server类:
2
3
4
5 /**
6 *7 *类描述:AIO 服务端8 *@author: 豪9 *@date: 日期:2017-5-24 时间:上午10:48:1210 *@version1.011 */
12 public classServer {13 //线程池
14 privateExecutorService executorService;15 //线程组
16 privateAsynchronousChannelGroup threadGroup;17 //服务器通道
18 publicAsynchronousServerSocketChannel assc;19
20 public Server(intport){21 try{22 //创建一个缓存池
23 executorService =Executors.newCachedThreadPool();24 //创建线程组
25 threadGroup = AsynchronousChannelGroup.withCachedThreadPool(executorService, 1);26 //创建服务器通道
27 assc =AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open(threadGroup);28 //进行绑定
29 assc.bind(newInetSocketAddress(port));30
31 System.out.println("server start , port : " +port);32 //进行阻塞
33 assc.accept(this, newServerCompletionHandler());34 //一直阻塞 不让服务器停止
35 Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);36
37 } catch(Exception e) {38 e.printStackTrace();39 }40 }41
42 public static voidmain(String[] args) {43 Server server = new Server(8765);44 }45
46 }
1 //ServerCompletionHandler类
2
3
4 /**
5 *6 *类描述:服务端处理类 所有的处理都在此类进行7 *@author: 豪8 *@date: 日期:2017-5-24 时间:上午10:47:459 *@version1.010 */
11 public class ServerCompletionHandler implements CompletionHandler{12
13 @Override14 public voidcompleted(AsynchronousSocketChannel asc, Server attachment) {15 //当有下一个客户端接入的时候 直接调用Server的accept方法,这样反复执行下去,保证多个客户端都可以阻塞
16 attachment.assc.accept(attachment, this);17 read(asc);18 }19
20 private void read(finalAsynchronousSocketChannel asc) {21 //读取数据
22 ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);23 asc.read(buf, buf, new CompletionHandler() {24 @Override25 public voidcompleted(Integer resultSize, ByteBuffer attachment) {26 //进行读取之后,重置标识位
27 attachment.flip();28 //获得读取的字节数
29 System.out.println("Server -> " + "收到客户端的数据长度为:" +resultSize);30 //获取读取的数据
31 String resultData = newString(attachment.array()).trim();32 System.out.println("Server -> " + "收到客户端的数据信息为:" +resultData);33 String response = "服务器响应, 收到了客户端发来的数据: " +resultData;34 write(asc, response);35 }36 @Override37 public voidfailed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {38 exc.printStackTrace();39 }40 });41 }42
43 private voidwrite(AsynchronousSocketChannel asc, String response) {44 try{45 ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);46 buf.put(response.getBytes());47 buf.flip();48 asc.write(buf).get();49 } catch(InterruptedException e) {50 e.printStackTrace();51 } catch(ExecutionException e) {52 e.printStackTrace();53 }54 }55
56 @Override57 public voidfailed(Throwable exc, Server attachment) {58 exc.printStackTrace();59 }60
61 }
1 //Clinet类:
2
3 /**
4 *5 *类描述:AIO客户端6 *@author: 豪7 *@date: 日期:2017-5-24 时间:上午10:47:238 *@version1.09 */
10 public class Client implementsRunnable{11
12 privateAsynchronousSocketChannel asc ;13
14 public Client() throwsException {15 asc =AsynchronousSocketChannel.open();16 }17
18 public voidconnect(){19 asc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8765));20 }21
22 public voidwrite(String request){23 try{24 asc.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(request.getBytes())).get();25 read();26 } catch(Exception e) {27 e.printStackTrace();28 }29 }30
31 private voidread() {32 ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);33 try{34 asc.read(buf).get();35 buf.flip();36 byte[] respByte = new byte[buf.remaining()];37 buf.get(respByte);38 System.out.println(new String(respByte,"utf-8").trim());39 } catch(InterruptedException e) {40 e.printStackTrace();41 } catch(ExecutionException e) {42 e.printStackTrace();43 } catch(UnsupportedEncodingException e) {44 e.printStackTrace();45 }46 }47
48 @Override49 public voidrun() {50 while(true){51
52 }53 }54
55 public static void main(String[] args) throwsException {56 Client c1 = newClient();57 c1.connect();58
59 Client c2 = newClient();60 c2.connect();61
62 Client c3 = newClient();63 c3.connect();64
65 new Thread(c1, "c1").start();66 new Thread(c2, "c2").start();67 new Thread(c3, "c3").start();68
69 Thread.sleep(1000);70
71 c1.write("c1 aaa");72 c2.write("c2 bbbb");73 c3.write("c3 ccccc");74 }75
76 }