php mysql 类型转换_MySQL显式类型转换实例分享

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-19 14:47:02 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-08-19 14:47:02 发布

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文章标签： php mysql 类型转换

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42127369/article/details/113473975

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在之前的文章中，我们提到过CAST函数，用于显示进行类型转换。在避免隐式类型转换时，好处多多。其实这里面还有很多细节，是需要梳理下的。本文主要介绍了MySQL显式类型转换的基础知识，通过实例给出了分析结果，一起学习下吧。

首先来看看下面这个转换:mysql> SELECT CAST('2017-12-14' AS DATE);

+----------------------------+

| CAST('2017-12-14' AS DATE) |

+----------------------------+

| 2017-12-14 |

+----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

其中:

2017-12-14 是待转换的数据。

DATE为转换后的类型。

标准语法是这样的:CAST(expr AS type)

这里需要注意的是type类型不支持所有的数据类型，而是支持特定的数据类型，也是今天这篇文章的重点。(我就吃过这个亏，想当然的以为支持所有数据类型，结果就被打脸了) 。

不支持的报错:mysql> SELECT CAST('1024' AS int);

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'int)' at line 1

支持的类型

下面是CAST函数支持转换的数据类型列表：类型

备注DATE

YYYY-MM-DD

DATETIME

YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss

TIME

HH:mm:ss

DECIMAL

通常用于带小数位

CHAR

固定长度字符串

NCHAR

类型于CHAR一致

SIGNED

一个有符号的64整数位

UNSIGNED

一个无符号的64整数位

BINARY

二进制字符串

JSON

MySQL 5.7.8 及更高版本

注意:

其中DATE支持的范围是: 1000-01-01 至 9999-12-31，(实验版本为:)

如果为: 999-01-01 结果则会0999-01-01。

如果为: 01-01-01则会为:2001-01-01。mysql> select cast('999-11-11' as DATE);

+---------------------------+

| cast('999-11-11' as DATE) |

+---------------------------+

| 0999-11-11 |

+---------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select cast('01-11-11' as DATE);

+--------------------------+

| cast('01-11-11' as DATE) |

+--------------------------+

| 2001-11-11 |

+--------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select version();

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.7.20 |

+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2. CAST函数中expr的值可以转换为type，其转换的结果才正确，否则转换后的结果默认值，如Null，0等。

例如：一个Char类型转换为Demical类型，转换的结果就为0。mysql> SELECT CAST('ANDYQIAN' AS DECIMAL);

+-----------------------------+

| CAST('ANDYQIAN' AS DECIMAL) |

+-----------------------------+

| 0 |

+-----------------------------+

1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

转换案例

这里给出一些常用的类型转换例子。

DATE 类型mysql> select cast('2017-12-14' as DATE);

+----------------------------+

| cast('2017-12-14' as DATE) |

+----------------------------+

| 2017-12-14 |

+----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

TIME 类型mysql> select cast('12:00:00' as TIME);

+--------------------------+

| cast('12:00:00' as TIME) |

+--------------------------+

| 12:00:00 |

+--------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

DATETIM 类型mysql> select cast('2017-12-14 00:11:11' as DATETIME);

+-----------------------------------------+

| cast('2017-12-14 00:11:11' as DATETIME) |

+-----------------------------------------+

| 2017-12-14 00:11:11 |

+-----------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SIGNED类型mysql> select cast('-1024' as SIGNED);

+-------------------------+

| cast('-1024' as SIGNED) |

+-------------------------+

| -1024 |

+-------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

UNSIGNED类型mysql> select cast('-1024' as UNSIGNED);

+---------------------------+

| cast('-1024' as UNSIGNED) |

+---------------------------+

| 18446744073709550592 |

+---------------------------+

1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

DECIMAL类型mysql> select cast('18.11' as DECIMAL(18,2));

+--------------------------------+

| cast('18.11' as DECIMAL(18,2)) |

+--------------------------------+

| 18.11 |

+--------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)