建立管道 linux shell,(…)和{…}如何在bash中使用管道与子shell创建交互？

为了证明它是生成子shell的管道本身,并且花括号不会改变这种方式：

#!/bin/bash

echo "Base: $BASHPID"

( echo "In (): $BASHPID" ) # This will differ from the base

{ echo "In {}: $BASHPID"; } # This will match the base

# In bash,these will both differ from the base

echo "Pipeline,default config:"

{ echo " X: $BASHPID" >&2; } | { echo " Y: $BASHPID" >&2; }

# This is exactly the same without the {}s

echo "Pipeline,no {}s,default config:"

echo " X: $BASHPID" >&2 | echo " Y: $BASHPID" >&2

# Only the former will differ from the base if running a new enough bash

shopt -s lastpipe

echo "Pipeline,lastpipe enabled:"

{ echo " X: $BASHPID" >&2; } | { echo " Y: $BASHPID" >&2; }

使用bash 4.3在本地运行,我得到：

Base: 82811

In (): 82812

In {}: 82811

Pipeline,default config:

X: 82813

Y: 82814

Pipeline,default config:

X: 82815

Y: 82816

Pipeline,lastpipe enabled:

Y: 82811

X: 82817

请注意,由于所有管道组件同时运行,因此没有定义的排序,其中X或Y将首先发出输出;但是,在启用了lastpipe的情况下,最后一个管道组件在已经启动并运行的shell中调用(不需要从主进程中删除fork()),这稍微修改了谁首先写入stdout的可能性.