java的如何停止工作_如何中止Java中的线程

如何正确的中止一个运行中的线程

中止线程的方法大致分两种

通过Thread.interrupt()

通过线程间的共享标记变量

通过interrupt()来中止一个线程

由于被中止的线程可能处于不同的状态，被终止的线程需要自行检测是否有人发信号给他，通知应该停止工作。

检测是否有人发信号的方法有两种

Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() 返回当前线程上的标识位。推荐使用，该方法调用后不会修改标识；

Thread.interrupted() 返回当前线程上的标识位，同时调用后会立即把标识位修改位false。

终止一个runnable线程的最佳实践：

while(!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() && more work to do){

do more work

}

处于runnable状态的线程被interrupt

看一个例子，对于一个循环打印running的线程，我们在main线程中调用了interrupt()方法，但是线程并没有按照我们预想的那样停下来，这样的代码并不是按照最佳实践的方式来运行的，我们没有把线程是否有接受到interrupt的信号放到while的判断去。

public class InterruptRunning {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {

while (true) {

System.out.println("running");

}

});

thread.start();

try {

Thread.sleep(2);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

thread.interrupt();

System.out.println("Test End");

}

}

//输出结果

//一直持续不断的输出running ，并没有像期待的那样2ms之后输出Test End

以上的代码的正确写法应该是，可以看到结果是我们期待的

public class InterruptRunning {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {

while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {

System.out.println("running");

}

});

thread.start();

try {

Thread.sleep(2);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

thread.interrupt();

System.out.println("Test End");

}

}

//输出结果

running

running

running

running

running

running

running

running

Test End

处于blocked/waiting/timed waiting状态的线程被interrupt

如果一个线程处于了阻塞状态(如线程调用了thread.sleep、thread.join、thread.wait、1.5中的condition.await、以及可中断的通道上的 I/O 操作方法后可进入阻塞状态)，则在线程在检查中断标示时如果发现中断标示为true，则会在这些阻塞方法(sleep、join、wait、1.5中的condition.await及可中断的通道上的 I/O 操作方法)调用处抛出InterruptedException异常，并且在抛出异常后立即将线程的中断标示位清除，即重新设置为false。抛出异常是为了线程从阻塞状态醒过来，并在结束线程前让程序员有足够的时间来处理中断请求。

即先后做了三件事

使线程状态由阻塞状态变为runnable

抛出InterruptedException异常

如果InterruptedException异常被捕获，会立即将中断标识由true设置为false

举个例子，我们在循环的时候通过中断标识位来决定是否循环，并且将try catch代码块置于while循环内部。此时中断产生的异常会先被try catch捕获，然后中断标识位会被设置位false；while循环不会中止，线程依旧执行。

在main线程中调用standardInterrupt.interrupt();尝试中止中止StandardInterrupt线程，线程的输出内容说明了其捕获到了异常，但是检查标识发现值位false说明已经被重置了，于是可以看到while循环条件满足，线程不会停止，依旧运行下去。

public class StandardInterrupt extends Thread{

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

StandardInterrupt standardInterrupt = new StandardInterrupt();

System.out.println("main thread --> start running");

standardInterrupt.start();

Thread.sleep(3000);

System.out.println("main thread --> send signal");

standardInterrupt.interrupt();

Thread.sleep(3000);

System.out.println("main thread --> stop application");

}

public void run(){

while(!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()){

System.out.println("active thread --> i am working");

try {

Thread.sleep(1000);

}catch (InterruptedException e){

System.out.println("active thread --> detective interrupt");

System.out.println("active thread --> check the signal: " +Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted());

}

}

System.out.println("active thread --> finish my working");

}

}

//输出

main thread --> start running

active thread --> i am working

active thread --> i am working

active thread --> i am working

main thread --> send signal

active thread --> detective interrupt

active thread --> check the signal: false

main thread --> stop application

active thread --> i am working

active thread --> i am working

active thread --> i am working

......

我们再稍作修改如上的代码，在捕获异常之后，主动的再次触发一次interrupt()，这可以将被自动设置回false的中断标识位再次变为true。

这次可以看到active thread --> finish my working输出，因为while循环去检查标识的时候，Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted() = true；

public class StandardInterrupt extends Thread{

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

StandardInterrupt standardInterrupt = new StandardInterrupt();

System.out.println("main thread --> start running");

standardInterrupt.start();

Thread.sleep(3000);

System.out.println("main thread --> send signal");

standardInterrupt.interrupt();

Thread.sleep(3000);

System.out.println("main thread --> stop application");

}

public void run(){

while(!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()){

System.out.println("active thread --> i am working");

try {

Thread.sleep(1000);

}catch (InterruptedException e){

System.out.println("active thread --> detective interrupt");

System.out.println("active thread --> check the signal: " +Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted());

Thread.currentThread().interrupt();

}

}

System.out.println("active thread --> finish my working");

}

}

//输出

main thread --> start running

active thread --> i am working

active thread --> i am working

active thread --> i am working

main thread --> send signal

active thread --> detective interrupt

active thread --> check the signal: false

active thread --> finish my working

main thread --> stop application

......

另一种修改方式，是将try catch放在while循环外面，这样跳出while的原因是因为检测到异常。然后try catch捕获异常，修改标识位。

public class StandardInterrupt extends Thread {

public static void main(String[] args) {

StandardInterrupt standardInterrupt = new StandardInterrupt();

System.out.println("main thread --> start running");

standardInterrupt.start();

try {

Thread.sleep(3000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println("main thread --> send signal");

standardInterrupt.interrupt();

try {

Thread.sleep(3000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

System.out.println("main thread --> stop application");

}

public void run() {

try {

while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {

System.out.println("active thread --> i am working");

Thread.sleep(1000);

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println("active thread --> detective interrupt");

System.out.println("active thread --> check the signal: " + Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted());

}

System.out.println("active thread --> finish my working");

}

}

//输出

main thread --> start running

active thread --> i am working

active thread --> i am working

active thread --> i am working

main thread --> send signal

active thread --> detective interrupt

active thread --> check the signal: false

active thread --> finish my working

main thread --> stop application

......

总结一下对于要处理这种blocked状态的线程应该正确书写代码的格式

public void run() {

try {

...

/*

* 不管循环里是否调用过线程阻塞的方法如sleep、join、wait，这里还是需要加上

* !Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()条件，虽然抛出异常后退出了循环，显

* 得用阻塞的情况下是多余的，但如果调用了阻塞方法但没有阻塞时，这样会更安全、更及时。

*/

while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&& more work to do) {

do more work

}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

//线程在wait或sleep期间被中断了

} finally {

//线程结束前做一些清理工作

}

}

或者

public void run() {

while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&& more work to do) {

try {

...

sleep(delay);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

Thread.currentThread().interrupt();//重新设置中断标示

}

}

}

处于blocked状态的线程

由synchronized，或者是由reentrantLock.lock()导致的锁是无法响应interrupt()方法的，他们只有在获取锁之后正常运行的时候才能响应。

reentrantLock.tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)，reentrantLock.lockInterruptibly()方法所导致的blocked状态却是能正确响应interrupt()方法的，锁住的线程将抛出一个InterruptedException异常，这是一个非常有用的特性，因为它允许程序打破死锁。