Linux常用命令
经常用到的命令
防火墙相关
firewall-cmd --list-port
firewall-cmd --query-port=80/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --remove-port=80/tcp
firewall-cmd --reload
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl start firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
systemctl stop firewalld
查看相关
netstat -nultp
ps -ef
top
ps -ef | grep nginx
whereis nginx
pwd
1.系统信息
arch
uname -m
uname -r
dmidecode -q
hdparm -i /dev/hda
hdparm -tT /dev/sda
cat /proc/cpuinfo
cat /proc/interrupts
cat /proc/meminfo
cat /proc/swaps
cat /proc/version
cat /proc/net/dev
cat /proc/mounts
lspci -tv
lsusb -tv
date
cal 2007
date 041217002007.00
clock -w
2.关机（系统关机、重启以及登录）
shutdown -h now
init 0
telinit 0
shutdown -h hours:minutes &
shutdown -c
shutdown -r now
reboot
logout
3.文件和目录
cd /home
cd ..
cd ../..
cd
cd ~user1
cd -
pwd
ls
ls -F
ls -l
ls -a
ls *[0-9]*
tree
lstree
mkdir dir1
mkdir dir1 dir2
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2
rm -f file1
rmdir dir1
rm -rf dir1
rm -rf dir1 dir2
mv dir1 new_dir
cp file1 file2
cp dir/* .
cp -a /tmp/dir1 .
cp -a dir1 dir2
cp -r dir1 dir2
ln -s file1 lnk1
ln file1 lnk1
touch -t 0712250000 file1
file file1 outputs the mime type of the file as text
iconv -l
4.文件搜索
find / -name file1
find / -user user1
find /home/user1 -name \*.bin
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10
find / -name \*.rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \;
find / -xdev -name \*.rpm 搜索以 '.rpm'
locate \*.ps
whereis halt
which halt
5.挂载一个文件系统
mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2
umount /dev/hda2
fuser -km /mnt/hda2
umount -n /mnt/hda2
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder
mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder
mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom
mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk 挂载一个usb
mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share
6.磁盘空间
df -h
ls -lSr |more
du -sh dir1
du -sk * | sort -rn
rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort -k1,1n
dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort -k1,1n
7.用户和群组
groupadd group_name
groupdel group_name
groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name
useradd -c "Name Surname " -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1
useradd user1
userdel -r user1
usermod -c "User FTP" -g system -d /ftp/user1 -s /bin/nologin user1
passwd
passwd user1
chage -E 2005-12-31 user1
pwck 检查 '/etc/passwd'
grpck 检查 '/etc/passwd'
newgrp group_name
8.文件的权限： 使用“+”设置权限，使用“-”用于取消权限
ls -lh
ls /tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS
chmod ugo+rwx directory1
chmod go-rwx directory1
chown user1 file1
chown -R user1 directory1
chgrp group1 file1
chown user1:group1 file1
find / -perm -u+s
chmod u+s /bin/file1
chmod u-s /bin/file1
chmod g+s /home/public
chmod g-s /home/public
chmod o+t /home/public
chmod o-t /home/public
9.打包和压缩文件
bunzip2 file1.bz2
bzip2 file1
gunzip file1.gz
gzip file1
gzip -9 file1
rar a file1.rar test_file
rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1
rar x file1.rar
unrar x file1.rar
tar -cvf archive.tar file1
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1
tar -tf archive.tar
tar -xvf archive.tar
tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp
tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1
tar -jxvf archive.tar.bz2
tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1
tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz
zip file1.zip file1
zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1
unzip file1.zip
10. RPM包（Fedora，Redhat 及类似系统）
rpm -ivh package.rpm
rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm
rpm -U package.rpm
rpm -F package.rpm
rpm -e package_name.rpm
rpm -qa
rpm -qa | grep httpd
rpm -qi package_name
rpm -qg "System Environment/Daemons"
rpm -ql package_name
rpm -qc package_name
rpm -q package_name --whatrequires
rpm -q package_name --whatprovides
rpm -q package_name --scripts
rpm -q package_name --changelog
rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
rpm -qp package.rpm -l
rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY
rpm --checksig package.rpm
rpm -qa gpg-pubkey
rpm -V package_name
rpm -Va
rpm -Vp package.rpm
rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories *bin*
rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm
rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm
11. yum 软件包升级器 （Fedoras Redhat 及类似系统）
yum install package_name
yum localinstall package_name.rpm
yum update package_name.rpm
yum update package_name
yum remove package_name
yum list
yum search package_name
yum clean packages
yum clean headers
yum clean all
12. APT 软件工具 ( Debian , Ubuntu 以及类似系统)
apt-get install package_name
apt-cdrom install package_name
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get remove package_name
apt-get check
apt-get clean
apt-cache search searched-package
13.网络 - （以太网和 WIFI 无线）
ifconfig eth0
ifup eth0
ifdown eth0
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig eth0 promisc
dhclient eth0
route -n
netstat -tup
netstat -tupl
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