azure云平台Ubuntu虚拟机挂载新磁盘

0、在云平台创建可用磁盘：

 - 操作路径：VM-->磁盘-->创建并附加新磁盘-->输入磁盘名称、存储类型、大小等信息后点击保存

1、查看虚拟机类型 lsb_release -a

root@xxxxx-lnck0616vm:/# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Ubuntu
Description:	Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS
Release:	16.04
Codename:	xenial

2、查看磁盘 fdisk -l

root@xxxxgence-lnck0616vm:/# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64 GiB, 68719476736 bytes, 134217728 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 36261C89-FCF5-478B-8A5B-233AFC3A2B06

Device      Start       End   Sectors  Size Type
/dev/sda1  227328 134217694 133990367 63.9G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda14   2048     10239      8192    4M BIOS boot
/dev/sda15  10240    227327    217088  106M EFI System

Partition table entries are not in disk order.


Disk /dev/sdb: 112 GiB, 120259084288 bytes, 234881024 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe04fee1c

Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1        2048 234878975 234876928  112G  7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

Disk /dev/sdc: 1 TiB, 1099511627776 bytes, 2147483648 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xebfda624

Device     Boot Start        End    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1        2048 2147483647 2147481600 1024G 83 Linux

# 这个磁盘 是刚刚在云平台新增的磁盘 
Disk /dev/sdd: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

3、查看目录 ： df -h | grep /dev

root@xxxxx-lnck0616vm:/# df -h | grep /dev
udev                                                                     28G     0   28G   0% /dev
/dev/sda1                                                                62G   14G   49G  22% /
tmpfs                                                                    28G     0   28G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda15                                                              105M  3.9M  101M   4% /boot/efi
/dev/sdb1                                                               111G   60M  105G   1% /mnt
/dev/sdc1                                                              1008G   72M  957G   1% /luonandata

4、确认待挂载磁盘: /dev/sdd

• 通过对比磁盘和目录，进一步确定Disk /dev/sdd 未挂载到操作系统

5、磁盘分区 ：fdisk /dev/sdd

fdisk /dev/sdd --> n --> p --> w

root@xxxxx-lnck0616vm:/# fdisk /dev/sdd

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3a91a3ea.

Command (m for help): n   # 新建分区
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p     # 新建主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1    # 分区个数，默认为1
First sector (2048-268435455, default 2048): # 首个扇区大小
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-268435455, default 268435455):   # 最后一个扇区大小

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 128 GiB.

Command (m for help): w    # 保存设置 
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.    

6、确认分区是否成功 fdisk -l

root@xxxxx-lnck0616vm:/# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdd: 128 GiB, 137438953472 bytes, 268435456 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x3a91a3ea
# 新建分区
Device     Boot Start       End   Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdd1        2048 268435455 268433408  128G 83 Linux

7、创建挂载目录、格式化分区并挂载目录

• mkdir mydata # 创建挂载的目录mydata
• mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdd1 # 格式化磁盘
• mount /dev/sdd1 /mydata # 挂载磁盘dev/sdd1到目录mydata

# cd / 切换到跟目录
root@xxxxx-lnck0616vm:/# mkdir mydata        # 创建挂载的目录 mydata
root@xxxxx-lnck0616vm:/# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdd1   # 格式化磁盘
mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 33554176 4k blocks and 8388608 inodes
Filesystem UUID: a0af3ab3-ed28-4b9a-9b48-2fc9a05dd4fd
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
	4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

root@xxxxx-lnck0616vm:/# mount /dev/sdd1 /mydata  # 挂载磁盘dev/sdd1到目录mydata

8、配置开机挂载:vi /etc/fstab

# 获取磁盘UUID
dumpe2fs /dev/sdd1 -h
Filesystem UUID:          33245e25-6d93-4d10-8a76-4ceb66baee85
# 
vi /etc/fstab
UUID=33245e25-6d93-4d10-8a76-4ceb66baee85 	/mydata     ext4    defaults, noexec   0 0

9、查看挂载是否成功: df -h | grep /dev

root@kyligence-lnck0616vm:/# df -h | grep /dev
udev                                                                     28G     0   28G   0% /dev
/dev/sda1                                                                62G   14G   49G  22% /
tmpfs                                                                    28G     0   28G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda15                                                              105M  3.9M  101M   4% /boot/efi
/dev/sdb1                                                               111G   60M  105G   1% /mnt
/dev/sdc1                                                              1008G   72M  957G   1% /luonandata
# 挂载成功，磁盘已使用的部分是创建分区表所占用的空间
/dev/sdd1                                                               126G   60M  120G   1% /mydata