oracle左右结合,oracle中的左右连接

在oracle中左右连接省去了sql server中复杂的连接语句(left join ,right join)，就用一个"(+)"表示。

下面做了下实验：其中查询1和查询2是等同效果的，查询3和查询4是等同效果的。

查询1:

select first_name,department_name,emp.department_id from emp,departments dept

where emp.department_id(+)=dept.department_id;

122 rows selected.

查询2:

select first_name,department_name,emp.department_id from departments dept left join emp

on emp.department_id=dept.department_id;

122 rows selected.

查询3:

select first_name,department_name,emp.department_id from emp,departments dept

where emp.department_id=dept.department_id(+);

107 rows selected.

查询4:

select first_name,department_name,emp.department_id from  emp  left join departments dept

on emp.department_id=dept.department_id;

107 rows selected.

总结：

1，(+)在哪一边，则返回另一边所有的记录。

2，(+)放在包含空值的一边，不可以两边同时使用。

补充内联的写法即用using关键词：

select first_name,department_name,department_id from emp join departments dept using(department_id);

注意：USING里的字段不能带别名，SELECT_LIST里的USING里的字段也不能带别名，看下面的两个例子：

select first_name,department_name,emp.department_id from emp join departments dept using(emp.department_id);

using(emp.department_id)

*

ERROR at line 2:

ORA-01748: only simple column names allowed here

select first_name,department_name,emp.department_id from emp join departments dept using(department_id);

select first_name,department_name,emp.department_id from emp join departments dept

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-25154: column part of USING clause cannot have qualifier

join using他相当于inner join

select emp.first_name,dept.department_name,emp.department_id from emp join departments dept

on emp.department_id=dept.department_id;