静态工厂方法替代构造器(精简)

1.用静态工厂方法避免每次调用时都创建新对象

如：

    public static Boolean valueOf(boolean b) {
        return (b ? TRUE : FALSE);
    }

用

Boolean bool = Boolean.valueOf(true);

 

替代

Boolean bool=new Boolean(true);

2.可以返回原返回任何类型的子类

如：

public class ParentClass {

    public static ParentClass getInstance() {

        return new AChildClass();
        // return new BChildClass();
        // return new ParentClass();

    }
}

class AChildClass extends ParentClass {
}

class BChildClass extends ParentClass {
}

3.返回对象的类可以随静态工厂方法的参数值改变

如：

public class Student {

    public static Student getInstance(String studentName) {
        switch (studentName) {
        case "XiaoMing":
            return new XiaoMing();
        case "XiaoHua":
            return new XiaoHua();
        default:
            return null;
        }
    }

}

class XiaoMing extends Student {
}

class XiaoHua extends Student {
}

结合全局变量和泛型：

public class Student {

    private static XiaoMing xiaoMing = new XiaoMing();
    private static XiaoHua xiaoHua = new XiaoHua();
    public static <T extends Student> T getInstance(T student) {
        switch (student.toString()) {
        case "XiaoMing":
            return (T) xiaoMing;
        case "XiaoHua":
            return (T) xiaoHua;
        default:
            return null;
        }
    }

}

class XiaoMing extends Student {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "XiaoMing";
    }
}

class XiaoHua extends Student {
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "XiaoHua";
    }
}

4.不能出现参数类型和数量都相同的构造器，但是可以有多个参数相同但名称不同的工厂方法

如：

//两个构造方法冲突
public class Student {

    private String studentName;
    private String phoneNumber;

    public Student(String studentName) {
        this.studentName = studentName;
    }

    public Student(String phoneNumber) {
        this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
    }
}

改用静态工厂方法：

public class Student {

    private String studentName;
    private String phoneNumber;

    public Student newStudentWithName(String studentName) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.studentName = studentName;
        return student;
    }

    public Student newStudentWithPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.phoneNumber = phoneNumber;
        return student;
    }
}