mysql基本50题_MySQL经典50题

MySQL经典50题的习题及参考答案

练习数据

数据表

--1.学生表 Student(s_id,s_name,s_age,s_sex)

--s_id学生编号,s_name学生姓名,s_age出生年月,s_sex学生性别

--2.课程表 Course(c_id,c_name,t_id) --c_id--课程编号,c_name课程名称,t_id 教师编号

--3.教师表 Teacher(t_id ,t_name) --t_id教师编号,t_name 教师姓名

--4.成绩表 SC(s_id,c_id,s_score) --s_id学生编号,c_id课程编号,s_score分数

建表插入数据

--建表

--学生表

CREATE TABLE `Student`(

`s_id` VARCHAR(20),

`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)

);

--课程表

CREATE TABLE `Course`(

`c_id` VARCHAR(20),

`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)

);

--教师表

CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(

`t_id` VARCHAR(20),

`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',

PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)

);

--成绩表

CREATE TABLE `Score`(

`s_id` VARCHAR(20),

`c_id` VARCHAR(20),

`s_score` INT(3),

PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)

);

--插入学生表测试数据

insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');

insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');

insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-05-20' , '男');

insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-08-06' , '男');

insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-03-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-07-01' , '女');

insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '女');

--课程表测试数据

insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');

insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');

insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

--教师表测试数据

insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');

insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');

insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

--成绩表测试数据

insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);

insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);

insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);

insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);

insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);

insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);

insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);

insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);

insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);

insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);

insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);

insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);

insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);

insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);

insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);

insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);

insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);

insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

练习题目及答案

题目1：查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

SQL实现

-- 方法1

SELECT

st.*,

sc1.s_score "01_score",

sc2.s_score "02_score"

FROM

Student st -- 两个表通过学号连接，指定01

LEFT JOIN Score sc1 ON st.s_id = sc1.s_id

AND sc1.c_id = "01" -- 两个表通过学号连接，指定02

LEFT JOIN Score sc2 ON st.s_id = sc2.s_id

AND sc2.c_id = "02"

WHERE

sc1.s_score > sc2.s_score -- 判断条件

-- 方法2：直接使用where语句

SELECT

st.*,

s1.s_score "01_score",

s2.s_score "02_score"

FROM

Student st,

Score s1,

Score s2

WHERE -- 列出全部的条件

st.s_id = s1.s_id

AND st.s_id = s2.s_id

AND s1.c_id = "01"

AND s2.c_id = "02"

AND s1.s_score > s2.s_score -- 01成绩高

方法1结果：

方法2结果：

题目2：查询"01"课程比"02"课程成绩低的学生的信息及课程分数(题目1是成绩高)

SQL实现

类似于题目1，将大于改为小于(偷个懒，不贴代码了！)

题目3：查询平均成绩大于等于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

SQL实现

-- 执行顺序：先执行分组，再执行avg平均操作

SELECT

st.s_id,

st.s_name,

ROUND(( sc.s_score ),2) avg_score

FROM

Student st

LEFT JOIN Score sc

ON st.s_id=sc.s_id

GROUP BY

sc.s_id

HAVING

AVG( sc.s_score ) >= 60

结果如下：

题目4：查询平均成绩小于60分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩(包括有成绩的和无成绩的)

SQL实现

-- 方法1：使用case when语句

SELECT

st.s_id,

st.s_name,

( CASE WHEN AVG( sc.s_score ) IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE ROUND(( sc.s_score ),2) END ) avg_score

FROM

Student st

LEFT JOIN Score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id

GROUP BY

sc.s_id

HAVING

AVG( sc.s_score ) < 60

OR AVG( sc.s_score ) IS NULL

-- 方法2：使用ifnull函数

SELECT

st.s_id,

st.s_name,

ROUND( avg( ifnull( sc.s_score, 0 ) ), 2 ) AS avg_score

FROM

Student st

LEFT JOIN Score sc ON st.s_id = sc.s_id

GROUP BY sc.s_id

HAVING avg_score < 60

方法1结果：

方法2结果：

题目5：查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩

SQL实现

SELECT

st.s_id,

st.s_name,

COUNT(sc.c_id) course_number,

SUM(sc.s_score) score_sum

FROM

Student st

LEFT JOIN

Score sc

ON st.s_id = sc.s_id

GROUP BY st.s_id

结果如下：

题目6：查询“李”姓老师的数量

SQL实现

SELECT

t.t_name,

COUNT( t.t_name ) name_li_number

FROM

Teacher t

WHERE

t_name LIKE "李%"

结果如下：

题目7：查询学过张三老师授课的同学的信息

SQL实现

I-- 比较简单的方法

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st,

Course c,

Score sc,

Teacher t

WHERE

st.s_id = sc.s_id

AND sc.c_id = c.c_id

AND c.t_id = t.t_id

AND t.t_name = "张三"

-- 使用id查询

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st

WHERE

st.s_id IN (

SELECT

s_id -- 2.通过课程找出对应的学号

FROM

Score S

JOIN Course C ON S.c_id = C.c_id -- 课程表和成绩表

WHERE

C.t_id IN ( SELECT t_id FROM Teacher WHERE t_name = "张三" )

)

方法1结果：

方法2结果：

题目8：找出没有学过张三老师课程的学生

SQL实现

使用题目7方法2中没在张三老师教课内容的学生，代码如下：

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st

WHERE

st.s_id not IN (

SELECT

s_id -- 2.通过课程找出对应的学号

FROM

Score S

JOIN Course C ON S.c_id = C.c_id -- 课程表和成绩表

WHERE

C.t_id IN ( SELECT t_id FROM Teacher WHERE t_name = "张三" )

)

结果如下：

题目9：查询学过编号为01，并且学过编号为02课程的学生信息

SQL实现

-- in方法实现

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st

WHERE

st.s_id IN (

SELECT

s1.s_id

FROM

Score s1

JOIN Score s2 ON s1.s_id = s2.s_id

WHERE

s1.c_id = "01"

AND s2.c_id = "02"

)

-- 普通方法

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st,

Score s1,

Score s2

WHERE

st.s_id = s1.s_id

AND s1.s_id = s2.s_id

AND s1.c_id = "01"

AND s2.c_id = "02"

方法1结果：

方法2如下：

题目10：查询学过01课程，但是没有学过02课程的学生信息(注意和上面 题目的区别)

SQL实现

-- 方法1

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st

WHERE st.s_id in (SELECT s_id FROM Score WHERE c_id="01")

AND st.s_id not in (SELECT s_id FROM Score WHERE c_id="02")

-- 方法2

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st

WHERE

st.s_id IN ( SELECT s_id FROM Score s1 WHERE s1.c_id = "01" AND s_id NOT IN ( SELECT s_id FROM Score WHERE c_id = "02" ) )

方法1结果：

方法2结果：

题目11：查询没有学完全部课程的同学的信息

SQL实现

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st

WHERE

st.s_id NOT IN (

SELECT s_id FROM Score GROUP BY s_id HAVING COUNT( s_id ) = ( SELECT COUNT( * ) FROM Course )

)

结果如下：

题目12：查询至少有一门课与学号为01的同学所学相同的同学的信息

SQL实现

-- 方法1

SELECT

*

FROM

Student st

WHERE

s_id IN (

SELECT DISTINCT s_id FROM Score WHERE c_id IN

( SELECT c_id FROM Score WHERE s_id = "01" )

) AND s_id <> "01"

-- 方法2

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st

JOIN Score s2 ON st.s_id = s2.s_id

AND c_id IN ( SELECT c_id FROM Score WHERE s_id = '01' )

GROUP BY

st.s_id

HAVING

st.s_id <> "01"

方法1结果：

方法2结果：

题目13：查询和01同学学习的课程完全相同的同学的信息

SQL实现

SELECT

st.*

FROM

Student st

WHERE

st.s_id IN (

SELECT

s_id

FROM

Score

GROUP BY

s_id

HAVING

GROUP_CONCAT( c_id ORDER BY c_id ) = ( SELECT GROUP_CONCAT( c_id ORDER BY c_id ) FROM Score GROUP BY s_id HAVING s_id = "01" )

AND s_id <> "01"

)

结果如下：

说明：本题中使用了group_concat函数，其具体的使用方法为：group_concat([DISTINCT] 字段 [Order BY ASC/DESC 排序字段] [Separator '分隔符'])

案例：

SELECT s_id,GROUP_CONCAT(c_id ORDER BY c_id) FROM Score GROUP BY s_id

结果如下：

题目14：查询没有修过张三老师讲授的任何一门课程的学生姓名

SQL实现

SELECT

st.s_name

FROM

Student st

WHERE

st.s_id NOT IN (

SELECT

s_id

FROM

Score

GROUP BY

c_id,

s_id

HAVING

c_id IN ( SELECT c.c_id FROM Course c, Teacher t WHERE t.t_name = "张三" AND t.t_id = c.t_id )

)

结果如下：

题目15：查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩

SQL实现

SELECT

st.s_id,

st.s_name,

new_table.avg_score

FROM

Student st,

(

SELECT

s.s_id,

AVG( s.s_score ) avg_score

FROM

Score s

WHERE

s.s_score < 60 GROUP BY s.s_id HAVING COUNT( s_id ) >= 2

) new_table

WHERE

st.s_id = new_table.s_id

结果如下：

题目16：检索01课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

SQL实现

SELECT

st.*,

s.s_score

FROM

Student st

JOIN Score s ON st.s_id = s.s_id

AND s.c_id = "01"

AND s.s_score < 60

ORDER BY

s.s_score DESC

结果如下：

题目17：按平均成绩从高到低(降序)显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

SQL实现

SELECT

s.s_id,

( SELECT s_score FROM Score WHERE s_id = s.s_id AND c_id = "01" ) AS "语文",

( SELECT s_score FROM Score WHERE s_id = s.s_id AND c_id = "02" ) AS "数学",

( SELECT s_score FROM Score WHERE s_id = s.s_id AND c_id = "03" ) AS "英语",

ROUND(AVG(s_score),2) "平均分"

FROM Score s

GROUP BY s.s_id

ORDER BY 5 DESC

结果如下：

题目18：查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，课程name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率；及格：>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90

SQL实现

SELECT

s.c_id 课程编号,

c.c_name 课程名称,

MAX( s.s_score ) 最高分,

MIN( s.s_score ) 最低分,

ROUND( AVG( s.s_score ), 2 ) 平均分,

round(100 * SUM(CASE WHEN s.s_score>=60 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN s.s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),2) 及格率,

round(100 * SUM(CASE WHEN s.s_score>=70 AND s.s_score<80 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN s.s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),2) 中等率,

round(100 * SUM(CASE WHEN s.s_score>=80 AND s.s_score<90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN s.s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),2) 优良率,

round(100 * SUM(CASE WHEN s.s_score>=90 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)/SUM(CASE WHEN s.s_score THEN 1 ELSE 0 END),2) 优秀率

FROM

Score s,

Course c

WHERE

s.c_id = c.c_id

GROUP BY

s.c_id

结果如下：

题目19：按照各科成绩进行排序，并且显示排名

SQL实现

题目20：查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名

SQL实现

SET @crank =0;

SELECT b.s_name, b.all_score, @crank := @crank +1 AS rank FROM(

SELECT

st.s_name,

ss.all_score

FROM

Student st,

( SELECT s_id, SUM( s_score ) all_score FROM Score GROUP BY s_id ) ss

WHERE

st.s_id = ss.s_id

ORDER BY

all_score DESC) b

结果如下：