linux硬盘挂载

linux硬盘挂载

1. 使用lsblk命令查看新加入的磁盘信息

lsblk

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0     11:0    1 203.6M  0 rom  
vda    253:0    0    50G  0 disk 
└─vda1 253:1    0    50G  0 part /
vdb    253:16   0   500G  0 disk 
└─vdb1 253:17   0   500G  0 part /mnt/dataA
vdc    253:32   0   500G  0 disk 
vdd    253:48   0   500G  0 disk 

2. 使用fdisk或者cfdisk分区新磁盘，并将分区标记为Linux文件系统类型（83）

sudo fdisk /dev/vdb 

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb8ccdd97.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999): 
Using default value 1048575999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

Hex code (type L to list all codes): 83
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

3. 格式化新分区，使用mkfs命令

$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
32768000 inodes, 131071744 blocks
6553587 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2279604224
4000 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done    

4. 创建挂载目录，使用mkdir命令

$ sudo mkdir /mnt/dataA

5. 挂载分区，使用mount命令

$ sudo mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt/dataA

6. 验证挂载是否成功，使用df -h命令查看所有文件系统的储存器使用情况：

$ sudo df -h

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.8G   32K  3.8G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           3.8G  592K  3.8G   1% /run
tmpfs           3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1        50G  6.0G   41G  13% /
tmpfs           773M     0  773M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1       493G   73M  467G   1% /mnt/dataA
/dev/vdc1       493G   73M  467G   1% /mnt/dataB

从上述结果可以看出，新分区已经被成功挂载到/mnt/data目录下。
7. 添加自动挂载，编辑/etc/fstab文件，添加以下内容：

$ sudo su
$ echo '/dev/vdb1    /mnt/dataA    ext4    defaults    0    2' >> /etc/fstab 

挂载磁盘是Linux系统中一个基本的操作，它可以帮助我们扩展存储空间，管理数据文件，备份和存储重要文件等。在挂载磁盘之前，我们需要先对磁盘进行分区，并且在分区上创建文件系统。然后，我们需要使用mount命令将设备挂载到指定的目录下，并在必要时使用/etc/fstab文件配置开机自动挂载。最后，在卸载磁盘之前，需要先检查是否有进程在使用磁盘，并终止相应的进程。