docker_周阳（一）

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-12 00:58:21 发布

luke9012

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-12 00:58:21 发布

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分类专栏：容器技术

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42194337/article/details/103856289

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docker 常用命令

帮助命令

docker version

docker info

info比version更加详细

docker --help

查看可用使用的命令

镜像命令

docker images

列出本地主机的镜像

docker images

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
tomcat              latest              6fa48e047721        7 days ago          507MB
centos              latest              0f3e07c0138f        2 months ago        220MB

标题	说明
`REPOSITORY`	镜像的仓库源
`TAG`	镜像的标签
`IMAGE ID`	镜像的ID
`CREATED`	镜像创建的时间
`SIZE`	镜像的大小

同一仓库源可以有多个 TAG，代表这个仓库源的不同个版本，我们使用 REPOSITORY:TAG 来定义不同的镜像。

如果你不指定一个镜像的版本标签，例如你只使用ubuntu，docker 将默认使用 ubuntu:latest镜像

OPTION	说明
`-a`	列出本地所有的镜像（含中间映像层）
`-q`	只显示镜像ID
`--digests`	显示镜像的摘要信息
`--no-trunc`	显示完整的镜像信息

docker search 某个镜像名字

网站：https://hub.docker.com

命令：docker search [OPTIONS] 镜像名字

OPTION	说明
`--no-trunc`	显示完整的镜像描述
`-s`	列出收藏数不小于指定值的镜像
`--automated`	只列出 automated build类型的镜像

docker pull 某个镜像名字

用于下载镜像

命令：docker pull 镜像名字[:TAG]

docker rmi 某个镜像名字 ID

用于删除镜像

删除单个

docker rmi -f 镜像ID
删除多个

docker rmi -f 镜像名1:TAG 镜像名2:TAG
删除全部

docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)

容器命令

下载一个CentOS镜像演示

docker pull centos

新建并启动容器

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE COMMAND

OPTIONS	说明
`--name="容器新名字"`	为容器指定一个名称
`-d`	后台运行容器，并返回容器ID，也即启动守护式容器
`-i`	以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用
`-t`	为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用
`-P`	随机端口映射
`-p`	指定端口映射，有以下四种格式（常用：`hostPort:containerPort`）

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name mycentos0115 centos
[root@e2ec073c1616 /]#
[root@e2ec073c1616 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]#

列出当前所有正在运行的容器

docker ps [OPTIONS]

OPTIONS	说明
`-a`	列出当前所有正在运行的容器+历史上运行过的
`-l`	显示最近创建的容器
`-n`	显示最近n个创建的容器
`-q`	静默模式，只显示容器编号
`--no-trunc`	不截断输出

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
e2ec073c1616        centos              "/bin/bash"         46 hours ago        Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                       mycentos0115

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -n 3
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
e2ec073c1616        centos              "/bin/bash"         46 hours ago        Exited (0) 9 minutes ago                       mycentos0115
d88d8916e6ed        0f3e07c0138f        "/bin/bash"         46 hours ago        Exited (0) 46 hours ago                        cool_golick
023bcc5511da        fce289e99eb9        "/hello"            2 days ago          Exited (0) 2 days ago                          jovial_lovelace

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
e2ec073c1616        centos              "/bin/bash"         46 hours ago        Exited (0) 9 minutes ago                       mycentos0115

退出容器

两种退出方式：

exit：容器停止退出

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name mycentos0115 centos
[root@e2ec073c1616 /]#
[root@e2ec073c1616 /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost ~]#

ctrl+P+Q：容器不停止退出

启动容器

docker start 容器ID或者容器名

重启容器

docker restart 容器ID或者容器名

停止容器

docker stop 容器ID或者容器名

强制停止容器

docker kill 容器ID或者容器名

stop：正常停止（相当于正常关机）

kill：强制停止（相当于拔电源）

删除已停止的容器

docker rm 容器ID

一次性删除多个容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -a -q)
docker ps -a -q | xargs docker rm

重点

启动守护式容器

docker run -d 容器名

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
523e8e75c1ebc006d001f425207de9383df238d65a6e1133b25d4b6fcdedd384
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
523e8e75c1eb        centos              "/bin/bash"         36 seconds ago      Exited (0) 34 seconds ago                       confident_ptolemy

使用镜像centos:latest以后台模式启动一个容器

问题：然后docker ps -a进行查看, 会发现容器已经退出

很重要的要说明的一点: Docker容器后台运行,就必须有一个前台进程.

容器运行的命令如果不是那些一直挂起的命令（比如运行top，tail），就是会自动退出的。

这样的容器后台启动后,会立即自杀因为他觉得他没事可做了.

所以，最佳的解决方案是,将你要运行的程序以前台进程的形式运行

查看容器日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done"
99f4fa63e4a5d9b2bb3199dbca9e6c9bb8824e5cae0c1e4ac25f599c234795ec
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
99f4fa63e4a5        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   15 seconds ago      Up 14 seconds                           goofy_wescoff
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 99f4fa63e4a5 
2019-12-23T03:56:11.629302121Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:13.633494515Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:15.636471680Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:17.639973740Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:19.643071248Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:21.646532522Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:23.651153202Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:25.656709811Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:27.660367510Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:29.663420597Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:31.670791148Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:33.674902206Z hello zzyy
2019-12-23T03:56:35.677960002Z hello zzyy

OPTIONS	说明
`-t`	加入时间戳
`-f`	跟随最新的日志打印
`--tail`	数字显示最后多少条

查看容器内运行的进程

docker top 容器ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
09b9a3956ae8        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                            festive_lumiere
[root@localhost ~]# docker top 09b9a3956ae8
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                39147               39130               0                   19:58               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done
root                39482               39147               0                   20:00               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 2

查看容器内部细节

docker inspect 容器ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 09b9a3956ae8
[
    {
        "Id": "09b9a3956ae84312103f16f916175df0aa5b2264a2bfc2deae13ad01c839ca2a",
        "Created": "2019-12-23T11:58:11.202580642Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 39147,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2019-12-23T11:58:12.157584635Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0f3e07c0138fbe05abcb7a9cc7d63d9bd4c980c3f61fea5efa32e7c4217ef4da",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/09b9a3956ae84312103f16f916175df0aa5b2264a2bfc2deae13ad01c839ca2a/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/09b9a3956ae84312103f16f916175df0aa5b2264a2bfc2deae13ad01c839ca2a/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/09b9a3956ae84312103f16f916175df0aa5b2264a2bfc2deae13ad01c839ca2a/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/09b9a3956ae84312103f16f916175df0aa5b2264a2bfc2deae13ad01c839ca2a/09b9a3956ae84312103f16f916175df0aa5b2264a2bfc2deae13ad01c839ca2a-json.log",
        "Name": "/festive_lumiere",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9dfbf6fc69dcb3088fa62d76d042b5f1e7044e8e640fa65cd40a092ab32cad43-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6c1a51d70b795ac7f286b93a085563f5017435cced27f40c8cf282aa334d7e9c/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9dfbf6fc69dcb3088fa62d76d042b5f1e7044e8e640fa65cd40a092ab32cad43/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9dfbf6fc69dcb3088fa62d76d042b5f1e7044e8e640fa65cd40a092ab32cad43/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9dfbf6fc69dcb3088fa62d76d042b5f1e7044e8e640fa65cd40a092ab32cad43/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "09b9a3956ae8",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo hello zzyy;sleep 2;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20190927",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "0b978ac2f380701aeb0b94d1a375f9b0fc5634cecd5e644b3e9b8568e069abd4",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/0b978ac2f380",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "bd918fa955d1accaa37e10a0a07e17c362300ecc3cc474f3e2e371e50fa9dfcd",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "1b606ccc32ec343d8cc31ad4923d595e7143afb8b01f7c447cdb2ecd358a588e",
                    "EndpointID": "bd918fa955d1accaa37e10a0a07e17c362300ecc3cc474f3e2e371e50fa9dfcd",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入正在运行的容器并以命令行交互

docker exec -it 容器ID /bin/bash
# 重新进入
docker attach 容器ID

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos
[root@46ff744958d4 /]# [root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -t 46ff744958d4 ls -l /tmp
total 8
-rwx------. 1 root root 1379 Sep 27 17:13 ks-script-0n44nrd1
-rwx------. 1 root root  671 Sep 27 17:13 ks-script-w6m6m_20
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -t 46ff744958d4 /bin/bash
[root@46ff744958d4 /]#

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@eaa45b31aa88 /]# [root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
eaa45b31aa88        centos              "/bin/bash"         59 seconds ago      Up 58 seconds                           elegant_lehmann
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach eaa45b31aa88
[root@eaa45b31aa88 /]# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   7 May 11  2019 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root 360 Dec 23 12:07 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root  66 Dec 23 12:07 etc
...

两者区别：

attach：直接进入容器启动命令的终端，不会启动新的进程
exec：是在容器中打开新的终端，并且可以启动新的进程

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp  容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
46ff744958d4        centos              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Up 10 minutes                           objective_goldstine
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 46ff744958d4
[root@46ff744958d4 /]# cd /tmp/
[root@46ff744958d4 tmp]# ls
ks-script-0n44nrd1  ks-script-w6m6m_20
[root@46ff744958d4 tmp]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp 46ff744958d4:/tmp/ks-script-0n44nrd1 /root
[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 12
-rw-------. 1 root root 1799 8月   6 15:51 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1847 8月   6 15:56 initial-setup-ks.cfg
-rwx------. 1 root root 1379 9月  28 01:13 ks-script-0n44nrd1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 12月 21 10:27 公共
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 12月 21 10:27 模板
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 12月 21 10:27 视频
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 12月 21 10:27 图片
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 12月 21 10:27 文档
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 12月 21 10:27 下载
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 12月 21 10:27 音乐
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root   18 12月 21 16:30 桌面
[root@localhost ~]#

小总结

在这里插入图片描述

操作	英文说明	翻译
`attach`	Attach to a running container	当前 shell 下 attach 连接指定运行镜像
`build`	Build an image from a Dockerfile	通过 Dockerfile 定制镜像
`commit`	Create a new image from a container changes	提交当前容器为新的镜像
`cp`	Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path	从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
`create`	Create a new container	创建一个新的容器，同 run，但不启动容器
`diff`	Inspect changes on a container’s filesystem	查看 docker 容器变化
`events`	Get real time events from the server	从 docker 服务获取容器实时事件
`exec`	Run a command in an existing container	在已存在的容器上运行命令
`export`	Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive	导出容器的内容流作为一个 tar 归档文件[对应 import ]
`history`	Show the history of an image	展示一个镜像形成历史
`images`	List images	列出系统当前镜像
`import`	Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball	从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统映像[对应export]
`info`	Display system-wide information	显示系统相关信息
`inspect`	Return low-level information on a container	查看容器详细信息
`kill`	Kill a running container	kill 指定 docker 容器
`load`	Load an image from a tar archive	从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
`login`	Register or Login to the docker registry server	注册或者登陆一个 docker 源服务器
`logout`	Log out from a Docker registry server	从当前 Docker registry 退出
`logs`	Fetch the logs of a container	输出当前容器日志信息
`port`	Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT	查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
`pause`	Pause all processes within a container	暂停容器
`ps`	List containers	列出容器列表
`pull`	Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server	从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
`push`	Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server	推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
`restart`	Restart a running container	重启运行的容器
`rm`	Remove one or more containers	移除一个或者多个容器
`rmi`	Remove one or more images	移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
`run`	Run a command in a new container	创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
`save`	Save an image to a tar archive	保存一个镜像为一个 tar 包[对应 load]
`search`	Search for an image on the Docker Hub	在 docker hub 中搜索镜像
`start`	Start a stopped containers	启动容器
`stop`	Stop a running containers	停止容器
`tag`	Tag an image into a repository	给源中镜像打标签
`top`	Lookup the running processes of a container	查看容器中运行的进程信息
`unpause`	Unpause a paused container	取消暂停容器
`version`	Show the docker version information	查看 docker 版本号
`wait`	Block until a container stops, then print its exit code	截取容器停止时的退出状态值

luke9012

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docker_周阳（一）

docker 常用命令帮助命令docker versiondocker infoinfo比version更加详细docker --help查看可用使用的命令镜像命令docker images列出本地主机的镜像docker images[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG ...
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