Python (11) date_range函数之时间切片

一闪一闪亮晶晶~

已于 2022-11-30 16:25:59 修改

阅读量3k

点赞数 3

分类专栏： python 文章标签： python 开发语言

于 2022-11-25 19:12:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42221654/article/details/128042594

版权

python 专栏收录该内容

23 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

date_range函数之时间切片

date_range函数语法
date_range函数的简单使用
常见使用
将指定的时间范围（例如一天24小时）按8小时频率生成时间片区间

date_range函数语法

date_range函数主要用于生成一个固定频率的时间索引

date_range(start=None, end=None, periods=None, freq=None, tz=None, normalize=False, name=None, inclusive=None, **kwargs)

注意 :start、end、periods三个参数必须取两个，否则报错。

主要参数说明：
start：开始日期，取值为str类型
end：结束日期，取值为str类型
periods：固定时期/时间数量，取值为整数或None
freq：时间频率，取值为string或DateOffset，默认为’D’
normalize：若参数为True表示将start、end参数值正则化到午夜时间戳
name：生成时间索引对象的名称，取值为string或None
inclusive：闭合区间，取值：{None, ‘left’, ‘right’}

freq 一般取值：

取值	说明
M	月
B	工作日
W	星期天
D	天
H	小时
T	分钟
S	秒
L	毫秒

date_range函数的简单使用

每天

import pandas as pd
 
pd.date_range(start='20221101',end='20221110')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01', '2022-11-02', '2022-11-03', '2022-11-04',
               '2022-11-05', '2022-11-06', '2022-11-07', '2022-11-08',
               '2022-11-09', '2022-11-10'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

每2天（freq=‘2B’）

import pandas as pd
 
pd.date_range(start='20221101', end='20221110', freq='2D')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01', '2022-11-03', '2022-11-05', '2022-11-07',
               '2022-11-09'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='2D')

工作日（freq=‘B’）

import pandas as pd
 
pd.date_range(start='20221101', end='20221110', freq='B')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01', '2022-11-02', '2022-11-03', '2022-11-04',
               '2022-11-07', '2022-11-08', '2022-11-09', '2022-11-10'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='B')

生成10个长度的时间（periods=10）

import pandas as pd
 
pd.date_range(start='20221101', periods=10)
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01', '2022-11-02', '2022-11-03', '2022-11-04',
               '2022-11-05', '2022-11-06', '2022-11-07', '2022-11-08',
               '2022-11-09', '2022-11-10'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

生成10个长度的时间，且每隔1天

pd.date_range(start='20221101',periods=10,freq='1D')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01', '2022-11-02', '2022-11-03', '2022-11-04',
               '2022-11-05', '2022-11-06', '2022-11-07', '2022-11-08',
               '2022-11-09', '2022-11-10'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

每隔2天生成10个长度的时间

pd.date_range(start='20221101',periods=10,freq='2D')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01', '2022-11-03', '2022-11-05', '2022-11-07',
               '2022-11-09', '2022-11-11', '2022-11-13', '2022-11-15',
               '2022-11-17', '2022-11-19'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='2D')

按月生成10个长度的时间（periods=10, freq=‘M’）

pd.date_range(start='20221101',periods=10,freq='M')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-30', '2022-12-31', '2023-01-31', '2023-02-28',
               '2023-03-31', '2023-04-30', '2023-05-31', '2023-06-30',
               '2023-07-31', '2023-08-31'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='M')

生成时间索引对象name为dt

pd.date_range(start='20221101',end='20221110',freq='3D',name='dt')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01', '2022-11-04', '2022-11-07', '2022-11-10'],           dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='dt', freq='3D')

normalize为true

print(pd.date_range(start='2022-11-01 08:10:50',periods=10,freq='s',normalize=True))
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01 00:00:00', '2022-11-01 00:00:01',
               '2022-11-01 00:00:02', '2022-11-01 00:00:03',
               '2022-11-01 00:00:04', '2022-11-01 00:00:05',
               '2022-11-01 00:00:06', '2022-11-01 00:00:07',
               '2022-11-01 00:00:08', '2022-11-01 00:00:09'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='S')

pd.date_range(start='2022-11-01 08:10:50',end='2022-11-02 09:20:40',freq='s',normalize=True)
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01 00:00:00', '2022-11-01 00:00:01',
               '2022-11-01 00:00:02', '2022-11-01 00:00:03',
               '2022-11-01 00:00:04', '2022-11-01 00:00:05',
               '2022-11-01 00:00:06', '2022-11-01 00:00:07',
               '2022-11-01 00:00:08', '2022-11-01 00:00:09',
               ...
               '2022-11-01 23:59:51', '2022-11-01 23:59:52',
               '2022-11-01 23:59:53', '2022-11-01 23:59:54',
               '2022-11-01 23:59:55', '2022-11-01 23:59:56',
               '2022-11-01 23:59:57', '2022-11-01 23:59:58',
               '2022-11-01 23:59:59', '2022-11-02 00:00:00'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', length=86401, freq='S')

normalize为False

print(pd.date_range(start='2022-11-01 08:10:50',periods=10,freq='s',normalize=False))
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01 08:10:50', '2022-11-01 08:10:51',
               '2022-11-01 08:10:52', '2022-11-01 08:10:53',
               '2022-11-01 08:10:54', '2022-11-01 08:10:55',
               '2022-11-01 08:10:56', '2022-11-01 08:10:57',
               '2022-11-01 08:10:58', '2022-11-01 08:10:59'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='S')

左闭右开（inclusive=‘left’）

pd.date_range(start='20221101', end='20221110',  freq='d', inclusive='left')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01', '2022-11-02', '2022-11-03', '2022-11-04',
               '2022-11-05', '2022-11-06', '2022-11-07', '2022-11-08',
               '2022-11-09'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

左开右闭（inclusive=‘right’）

pd.date_range(start='20221101', end='20221110',  freq='d', inclusive='right')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-02', '2022-11-03', '2022-11-04', '2022-11-05',
               '2022-11-06', '2022-11-07', '2022-11-08', '2022-11-09',
               '2022-11-10'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='D')

常见使用

建议pd.date_range()函数的返回使用list，然后再通过strftime()函数规划日期时间的格式

# 1.最原始的使用方式
pd.date_range(start='2022-11-01 08:10:50',end='2022-11-01 23:59:59',freq='8H')
# 输出
DatetimeIndex(['2022-11-01 08:10:50', '2022-11-01 16:10:50'], dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='8H')

# 2.建议返回使用list
list(pd.date_range(start='2022-11-01 08:10:50',end='2022-11-01 23:59:59',freq='8H'))
#输出
[Timestamp('2022-11-01 08:10:50', freq='8H'), Timestamp('2022-11-01 16:10:50', freq='8H')]

# 3.使用strftime()函数 调整日期时间格式
time_range = list(pd.date_range(start='2022-11-01 08:10:50',end='2022-11-01 23:59:59',freq='8H'))
time_range = [item.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') for item in time_range]
# 输出
['2022-11-01 08:10:50', '2022-11-01 16:10:50']

将指定的时间范围（例如一天24小时）按8小时频率生成时间片区间

import pandas as pd

def get_time_ranges(from_time, to_time, frequency):
    from_time, to_time, frequency = pd.to_datetime(from_time), pd.to_datetime(to_time), frequency
    time_range = list(pd.date_range(from_time, to_time, freq=f'{frequency}H'))
    if to_time not in time_range:
        time_range.append(to_time)
    time_range = [item.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') for item in time_range]
    time_ranges = []
    for item in time_range:
        f_time = item
        t_time = (datetime.datetime.strptime(item, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') + datetime.timedelta(hours=frequency))
        if t_time >= to_time:
            t_time = to_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
            time_ranges.append([f_time, t_time])
            break
        time_ranges.append([f_time, t_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')])
    return time_ranges

from_time = '2022-11-11 00:00:00'
to_time = '2022-11-13 23:59:59'   
frequency = 8  #8小时间隔
get_time_ranges(from_time, to_time, frequency)

# 输出 一共9个区间
[['2022-11-11 00:00:00', '2022-11-11 08:00:00'], 
 ['2022-11-11 08:00:00', '2022-11-11 16:00:00'], 
 ['2022-11-11 16:00:00', '2022-11-12 00:00:00'], 
 ['2022-11-12 00:00:00', '2022-11-12 08:00:00'], 
 ['2022-11-12 08:00:00', '2022-11-12 16:00:00'], 
 ['2022-11-12 16:00:00', '2022-11-13 00:00:00'], 
 ['2022-11-13 00:00:00', '2022-11-13 08:00:00'], 
 ['2022-11-13 08:00:00', '2022-11-13 16:00:00'], 
 ['2022-11-13 16:00:00', '2022-11-13 23:59:59']]