MyBatis
第一部分 Mybatis相关概念
1.1 对象/关系数据库映射(ORM)
ORM全称Object/Relation Mapping:表示对象-关系映射的缩写
ORM完成面向对象的编程语言到关系数据库的映射。当ORM框架完成映射后,程序员既可以利用面向
对象程序设计语言的简单易用性,又可以利用关系数据库的技术优势。ORM把关系数据库包装成面向对
象的模型。ORM框架是面向对象设计语言与关系数据库发展不同步时的中间解决方案。采用ORM框架
后,应用程序不再直接访问底层数据库,而是以面向对象的放松来操作持久化对象,而ORM框架则将这
些面向对象的操作转换成底层SQL操作。ORM框架实现的效果:把对持久化对象的保存、修改、删除 等
操作,转换为对数据库的操作
1.2 Mybatis简介
MyBatis是一款优秀的基于ORM的半自动轻量级持久层框架,它支持定制化SQL、存储过程以及高级映
射。MyBatis避免了几乎所有的JDBC代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集。MyBatis可以使用简单的
XML或注解来配置和映射原生类型、接口和Java的POJO (Plain Old Java Objects,普通老式Java对 象)
为数据库中的记录。
1.3 Mybatis历史
原是apache的一个开源项目iBatis, 2010年6月这个项目由apache software foundation 迁移到了
google code,随着开发团队转投Google Code旗下,ibatis3.x正式更名为Mybatis ,代码于2013年11
月迁移到Github。
iBATIS一词来源于“internet”和“abatis”的组合,是一个基于Java的持久层框架。iBATIS提供的持久层框
架包括SQL Maps和Data Access Objects(DAO)
1.4 Mybatis优势
Mybatis是一个半自动化的持久层框架,对开发人员开说,核心sql还是需要自己进行优化,sql和java编
码进行分离,功能边界清晰,一个专注业务,一个专注数据。
分析图示如下:
第二部分 Mybatis基本应用
2.1 快速入门
单纯讲解有些过于枯燥,从一个简单的demo入手。新手也可以简单的根据demo动手操作一把。以下列举下实现demo步骤
- 添加mybatis maven坐标
- 编写核心文件件SqlMapConfig.xml
- 创建数据库user表
- 创建对应映射实体User.class
- 编写UserMapper.class
- 编写UserMapper.xml
- 编写测试类
添加mybatis maven坐标
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.encoding>UTF-8</maven.compiler.encoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!--mybatis坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<!--mysql驱动坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--单元测试坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--日志坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.12</version>
</dependency>
编写核心文件件SqlMapConfig.xml
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN“ "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///test"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/lagou/mapper/UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
创建数据库user表
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`password` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`birthday` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
创建对应User.class实体类
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String birthday;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", birthday='" + birthday + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
编写IUserMapper.class
public interface IUserMapper {
//查询所有用户、同时查询每个用户关联的订单信息
@Select("select * from user")
@Results({
@Result(property = "id",column = "id"),
@Result(property = "username",column = "username"),
@Result(property = "orderList",column = "id",javaType = List.class,
many=@Many(select = "com.lagou.mapper.IOrderMapper.findOrderByUid"))
})
public List<User> findAll();
//查询所有用户、同时查询每个用户关联的角色信息
@Select("select * from user")
@Results({
@Result(property = "id",column = "id"),
@Result(property = "username",column = "username"),
@Result(property = "roleList",column = "id",javaType = List.class,
many = @Many(select = "com.lagou.mapper.IRoleMapper.findRoleByUid"))
})
public List<User> findAllUserAndRole();
//添加用户
@Insert("insert into user values(#{id},#{username})")
public void addUser(User user);
//更新用户
@Update("update user set username = #{username} where id = #{id}")
public void updateUser(User user);
//查询用户
@Select("select * from user")
public List<User> selectUser();
//删除用户
@Delete("delete from user where id = #{id}")
public void deleteUser(Integer id);
//根据id查询用户
@Options(useCache = true)
@Select({"select * from user where id = #{id}"})
public User findUserById(Integer id);
}
编写IUserMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.lagou.mapper.IUserMapper">
<cache></cache>
<resultMap id="userMap" type="com.lagou.pojo.User">
<result property="id" column="uid"></result>
<result property="username" column="username"></result>
<collection property="orderList" ofType="com.lagou.pojo.Order">
<result property="id" column="id"></result>
<result property="orderTime" column="orderTime"></result>
<result property="total" column="total"></result>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findAll" resultMap="userMap">
select * from user u left join orders o on u.id = o.uid
</select>
<resultMap id="userRoleMap" type="com.lagou.pojo.User">
<result property="id" column="userid"></result>
<result property="username" column="username"></result>
<collection property="roleList" ofType="com.lagou.pojo.Role">
<result property="id" column="roleid"></result>
<result property="roleName" column="roleName"></result>
<result property="roleDesc" column="roleDesc"></result>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findAllUserAndRole" resultMap="userRoleMap">
select * from user u
left join sys_user_role ur on u.id = ur.userid
left join sys_role r on r.id = ur.roleid
</select>
</mapper>
编写测试类
@Test
public void test3() throws IOException {
InputStream resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("sqlMapConfig.xml");
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
IUserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(IUserMapper.class);
List<User> allUserAndRole = mapper.findAllUserAndRole();
for (User user : allUserAndRole) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
2.2 dao层实现
2.2.1 传统方式开发
编写UserDao接口
public interface UserDao { List<User> findAll() throws IOException; }
编写UserDaoImpl实现
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
public List<User> findAll() throws IOException {
InputStream resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
List<User> userList = sqlSession.selectList("userMapper.findAll");
sqlSession.close();
return userList;
}
}
测试传统方式
@Test
public void testTraditionDao() throws IOException {
UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
List<User> all = userDao.findAll();
System.out.println(all);
}
2.2.2 代理方式开发
代理开发方式介绍
采用 Mybatis 的代理开发方式实现 DAO 层的开发,这种方式是我们后面进入企业的主流。
Mapper 接口开发方法只需要程序员编写Mapper 接口(相当于Dao 接口),由Mybatis 框架根据接口
定义创建接口的动态代理对象,代理对象的方法体同上边Dao接口实现类方法。
Mapper 接口开发需要遵循以下规范:
- Mapper.xml文件中的namespace与mapper接口的全限定名相同
- Mapper接口方法名和Mapper.xml中定义的每个statement的id相同
- Mapper接口方法的输入参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的parameterType的类型相同
- Mapper接口方法的输出参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的resultType的类型相同
编写UserMapper接口
测试代理方式
@Test
public void testProxyDao() throws IOException
{ InputStream resourceAsStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(resourceAsStream);
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
//获得MyBatis框架生成的UserMapper接口的实现类
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = userMapper.findById(1); System.out.println(user);
sqlSession.close();
}