创建带类型的空DataFrame

pandas创建空dataframe，如果没有指定列类型则默认为object类型

pandas.DataFrame([],columns=['a','b','c']).info()

'''输出如下：
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 0 entries
Data columns (total 3 columns):
 #   Column  Non-Null Count  Dtype 
---  ------  --------------  ----- 
 0   a       0 non-null      object
 1   b       0 non-null      object
 2   c       0 non-null      object
dtypes: object(3)
memory usage: 0.0+ bytes'''

要是想要指定类型，个人从Stack Overflow找到两种方法
1.利用numpy

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

dtypes = np.dtype([
          ('a', str),
          ('b', int),
          ('c', float),
          ('d', np.datetime64),
          ])
data = np.empty(0, dtype=dtypes)
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

'''df.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 0 entries
Data columns (total 4 columns):
 #   Column  Non-Null Count  Dtype         
---  ------  --------------  -----         
 0   a       0 non-null      object        
 1   b       0 non-null      int32         
 2   c       0 non-null      float64       
 3   d       0 non-null      datetime64[ns]
dtypes: datetime64[ns](1), float64(1), int32(1), object(1)
memory usage: 124.0+ bytes
'''

2.利用Series

df = pandas.DataFrame({'a': pd.Series([], dtype='int'),
                   'b': pd.Series([], dtype='str'),
                   'c': pd.Series([], dtype='float'),
                   'd':pd.Series([],dtype='datetime64[ns]')})