Java集合补充——Collections用法、Arrays用法

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42225792/article/details/120969493

Collections常用API及其解释

1.reverse

	public static void reverse(List<?> list);

用法：反转list

2.sort

	public static <T> void sort(List<T> list, Comparator<? super T> c) {
	    list.sort(c);
	}

排序，高级用法是，传入一个lambda表达式，对其进行排序。
此处，如果前一个元素compareTo后一个元素的结果大于0（同时满足其他条件的情况下），需要对前一个元素和后一个元素进行换位，也就是说，当compareTo的返回值大于0的时候，进行元素的移位，其他情况，不作处理。

3.swap

    public static void swap(List<?> list, int i, int j) {
        // instead of using a raw type here, it's possible to capture
        // the wildcard but it will require a call to a supplementary
        // private method
        final List l = list;
        l.set(i, l.set(j, l.get(i)));
    }

    /**
     * Swaps the two specified elements in the specified array.
     */
    private static void swap(Object[] arr, int i, int j) {
        Object tmp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[j];
        arr[j] = tmp;
    }

交换指定元素，有两种方式

4.min()和max()
此处是求最大最小值

    public static <T extends Object & Comparable<? super T>> T min(Collection<? extends T> coll) {
        Iterator<? extends T> i = coll.iterator();
        T candidate = i.next();

        while (i.hasNext()) {
            T next = i.next();
            if (next.compareTo(candidate) < 0)
                candidate = next;
        }
        return candidate;
    }

    public static <T extends Object & Comparable<? super T>> T max(Collection<? extends T> coll) {
        Iterator<? extends T> i = coll.iterator();
        T candidate = i.next();

        while (i.hasNext()) {
            T next = i.next();
            if (next.compareTo(candidate) > 0)
                candidate = next;
        }
        return candidate;
    }

5.copy()
复制元素到新list里面

    public static <T> void copy(List<? super T> dest, List<? extends T> src) {
        int srcSize = src.size();
        if (srcSize > dest.size())
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Source does not fit in dest");

        if (srcSize < COPY_THRESHOLD ||
            (src instanceof RandomAccess && dest instanceof RandomAccess)) {
            for (int i=0; i<srcSize; i++)
                dest.set(i, src.get(i));
        } else {
            ListIterator<? super T> di=dest.listIterator();
            ListIterator<? extends T> si=src.listIterator();
            for (int i=0; i<srcSize; i++) {
                di.next();
                di.set(si.next());
            }
        }
    }

6.fill()
填充list中的元素

    public static <T> void fill(List<? super T> list, T obj) {
        int size = list.size();

        if (size < FILL_THRESHOLD || list instanceof RandomAccess) {
            for (int i=0; i<size; i++)
                list.set(i, obj);
        } else {
            ListIterator<? super T> itr = list.listIterator();
            for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
                itr.next();
                itr.set(obj);
            }
        }
    }

7.replaceAll()
用作数组替换
替换值存在，返回True，否则返回false

    public static <T> boolean replaceAll(List<T> list, T oldVal, T newVal) {
        boolean result = false;
        int size = list.size();
        if (size < REPLACEALL_THRESHOLD || list instanceof RandomAccess) {
            if (oldVal==null) {
                for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
                    if (list.get(i)==null) {
                        list.set(i, newVal);
                        result = true;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
                    if (oldVal.equals(list.get(i))) {
                        list.set(i, newVal);
                        result = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            ListIterator<T> itr=list.listIterator();
            if (oldVal==null) {
                for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
                    if (itr.next()==null) {
                        itr.set(newVal);
                        result = true;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
                    if (oldVal.equals(itr.next())) {
                        itr.set(newVal);
                        result = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

8.shuffle()
使用默认的随机源指定排列列表

    public static void shuffle(List<?> list) {
        Random rnd = r;
        if (rnd == null)
            r = rnd = new Random(); // harmless race.
        shuffle(list, rnd);
    }

9.rotate()
将数组往后面旋转distance个位置

    public static void rotate(List<?> list, int distance) {
        if (list instanceof RandomAccess || list.size() < ROTATE_THRESHOLD)
            rotate1(list, distance);
        else
            rotate2(list, distance);
    }

10.indexOfSubList()和lastIndexOfSubList()
这里是返回第一次和最后一次出现的起始位置，如果没有则返回-1

    public static int indexOfSubList(List<?> source, List<?> target) {
        int sourceSize = source.size();
        int targetSize = target.size();
        int maxCandidate = sourceSize - targetSize;

        if (sourceSize < INDEXOFSUBLIST_THRESHOLD ||
            (source instanceof RandomAccess&&target instanceof RandomAccess)) {
        nextCand:
            for (int candidate = 0; candidate <= maxCandidate; candidate++) {
                for (int i=0, j=candidate; i<targetSize; i++, j++)
                    if (!eq(target.get(i), source.get(j)))
                        continue nextCand;  // Element mismatch, try next cand
                return candidate;  // All elements of candidate matched target
            }
        } else {  // Iterator version of above algorithm
            ListIterator<?> si = source.listIterator();
        nextCand:
            for (int candidate = 0; candidate <= maxCandidate; candidate++) {
                ListIterator<?> ti = target.listIterator();
                for (int i=0; i<targetSize; i++) {
                    if (!eq(ti.next(), si.next())) {
                        // Back up source iterator to next candidate
                        for (int j=0; j<i; j++)
                            si.previous();
                        continue nextCand;
                    }
                }
                return candidate;
            }
        }
        return -1;  // No candidate matched the target
    }

    /**
     * Returns the starting position of the last occurrence of the specified
     * target list within the specified source list, or -1 if there is no such
     * occurrence.  More formally, returns the highest index {@code i}
     * such that {@code source.subList(i, i+target.size()).equals(target)},
     * or -1 if there is no such index.  (Returns -1 if
     * {@code target.size() > source.size()})
     *
     * <p>This implementation uses the "brute force" technique of iterating
     * over the source list, looking for a match with the target at each
     * location in turn.
     *
     * @param source the list in which to search for the last occurrence
     *        of {@code target}.
     * @param target the list to search for as a subList of {@code source}.
     * @return the starting position of the last occurrence of the specified
     *         target list within the specified source list, or -1 if there
     *         is no such occurrence.
     * @since  1.4
     */
    public static int lastIndexOfSubList(List<?> source, List<?> target) {
        int sourceSize = source.size();
        int targetSize = target.size();
        int maxCandidate = sourceSize - targetSize;

        if (sourceSize < INDEXOFSUBLIST_THRESHOLD ||
            source instanceof RandomAccess) {   // Index access version
        nextCand:
            for (int candidate = maxCandidate; candidate >= 0; candidate--) {
                for (int i=0, j=candidate; i<targetSize; i++, j++)
                    if (!eq(target.get(i), source.get(j)))
                        continue nextCand;  // Element mismatch, try next cand
                return candidate;  // All elements of candidate matched target
            }
        } else {  // Iterator version of above algorithm
            if (maxCandidate < 0)
                return -1;
            ListIterator<?> si = source.listIterator(maxCandidate);
        nextCand:
            for (int candidate = maxCandidate; candidate >= 0; candidate--) {
                ListIterator<?> ti = target.listIterator();
                for (int i=0; i<targetSize; i++) {
                    if (!eq(ti.next(), si.next())) {
                        if (candidate != 0) {
                            // Back up source iterator to next candidate
                            for (int j=0; j<=i+1; j++)
                                si.previous();
                        }
                        continue nextCand;
                    }
                }
                return candidate;
            }
        }
        return -1;  // No candidate matched the target
    }

11.unmodifiableXxx()
返回Xxx不可变视图：
举例：Collection:

    // Unmodifiable Wrappers

    /**
     * Returns an <a href="Collection.html#unmodview">unmodifiable view</a> of the
     * specified collection. Query operations on the returned collection "read through"
     * to the specified collection, and attempts to modify the returned
     * collection, whether direct or via its iterator, result in an
     * {@code UnsupportedOperationException}.<p>
     *
     * The returned collection does <i>not</i> pass the hashCode and equals
     * operations through to the backing collection, but relies on
     * {@code Object}'s {@code equals} and {@code hashCode} methods.  This
     * is necessary to preserve the contracts of these operations in the case
     * that the backing collection is a set or a list.<p>
     *
     * The returned collection will be serializable if the specified collection
     * is serializable.
     *
     * @param  <T> the class of the objects in the collection
     * @param  c the collection for which an unmodifiable view is to be
     *         returned.
     * @return an unmodifiable view of the specified collection.
     */
    public static <T> Collection<T> unmodifiableCollection(Collection<? extends T> c) {
        return new UnmodifiableCollection<>(c);
    }

Arrays类常用API及其解释

1.asList()

public static <T> List<T> asList(T... a)

将array或一组不定长数据转换成List

2.binarySearch()

public static <T> int binarySearch(T[] a,
                                   int fromIndex,
                                   int toIndex,
                                   T key,
                                   Comparator<? super T> c)

public static <T> int binarySearch(T[] a,
                                   T key,
                                   Comparator<? super T> c)

下面这种，一般要实现equals()方法，但是如果是基础数据类型，可以不用实现。

public static int binarySearch(Object[] a,
                               Object key)

一共三种写好的二分查找方法。

3.fill()方法

public static void fill(Object[] a,
                        Object val)

public static void fill(Object[] a,
                        int fromIndex,
                        int toIndex,
                        Object val)

4.sort()方法

public static <T> void sort(T[] a,
                            Comparator<? super T> c)

public static <T> void sort(T[] a,
                            int fromIndex,
                            int toIndex,
                            Comparator<? super T> c)

public static void sort(Object[] a,
                        int fromIndex,
                        int toIndex)

public static void sort(Object[] a)

sort方法的所有形式。
此处，如果前一个元素compareTo后一个元素的结果大于0（同时满足其他条件的情况下），需要对前一个元素和后一个元素进行换位，也就是说，当compareTo的返回值大于0的时候，进行元素的移位，其他情况，不作处理。

5.toString()

public static String toString(Object[] a)

6.copyOf()、copyOfRange()

public static <T,U> T[] copyOf(U[] original,
                               int newLength,
                               Class<? extends T[]> newType)

public static <T> T[] copyOf(T[] original,
                             int newLength)

public static <T> T[] copyOfRange(T[] original,
                                  int from,
                                  int to)

public static <T,U> T[] copyOfRange(U[] original,
                                    int from,
                                    int to,
                                    Class<? extends T[]> newType)

7.equals()

public static boolean equals(Object[] a,
                             Object[] a2)

以上就是所有Arrays类的基本常用用法，具体可查Java文档。