golang 值类型与引用类型

值类型和引用类型

值类型包括：所有integer、所有float、bool、string、数组和structure

引用类型包括：指针、slice、map、chan、interface

个人理解：引用类型存的就是指针

变量初始化

变量初始化分为声明和赋值两部分

var b int  // b = 0
fmt.Println(b==0)  // true
b = 1

var p *int  // p = nil
fmt.Println(p==nil)  // true
p = &b

var s []int
fmt.Println(s==nil)  // true
s = []int{b}

• 对于值类型，声明了但是未赋值时，其值是类型零值，可以看出值类型变量存的就是数据的值
• 对于引用类型，声明了但是未赋值时，其值是nil，指针存储数据指针，未赋值指针指向nil；

type Test struct{}
func main() {
    var (
        a = []int{1}
        b = Test{}
    )
	fmt.Printf("a以值打印\t%v\n", a)
    fmt.Printf("a以指针打印\t%p\n", a)
    
    fmt.Printf("b以值打印\t%v\n", b)
    fmt.Printf("b以指针打印\t%p\n", b)
}
// 输出
a以值打印	[1]
a以指针打印	0xc00001a040

b以值打印	{}
b以指针打印	%!p(main.Test={})

要注意的是：虽然slice、map、channel底层是由结构体实现，但是slice、map、channel类型变量并不是这些结构体的实体对象，而是一个指针
附上slice、map和channel 源码便于理解

slice

type slice struct {
    array unsafe.Pointer  //指针
    len   int             //长度
    cap   int             //容量
}

map

type hmap struct {
	// Note: the format of the hmap is also encoded in cmd/compile/internal/gc/reflect.go.
	// 不带锁，非线程安全
	count     int // # live cells == size of map.  Must be first (used by len() builtin)
	flags     uint8
	B         uint8  // log_2 of # of buckets (can hold up to loadFactor * 2^B items)
	noverflow uint16 // approximate number of overflow buckets; see incrnoverflow for details
	hash0     uint32 // hash seed
 
	buckets    unsafe.Pointer // array of 2^B Buckets. may be nil if count==0.
	oldbuckets unsafe.Pointer // previous bucket array of half the size, non-nil only when growing
	nevacuate  uintptr        // progress counter for evacuation (buckets less than this have been evacuated)
 
	extra *mapextra // optional fields
}

channel

type hchan struct {
	qcount   uint           // total data in the queue
	dataqsiz uint           // size of the circular queue
	buf      unsafe.Pointer // points to an array of dataqsiz elements
	elemsize uint16
	closed   uint32
	elemtype *_type // element type
	sendx    uint   // send index
	recvx    uint   // receive index
	recvq    waitq  // list of recv waiters
	sendq    waitq  // list of send waiters
 
	// lock protects all fields in hchan, as well as several
	// fields in sudogs blocked on this channel.
	//
	// Do not change another G's status while holding this lock
	// (in particular, do not ready a G), as this can deadlock
	// with stack shrinking.
	lock mutex
}