flask

轻量级框架，几行代码就可以起一个web服务，组件很少，可根据需求安装不同组件，
安装：pip
install
flask

参考资料http://www.cnblogs.com/GGGG-XXXX/articles/10182786.html

用werkzeug模块起项目

wsgi是个协议，
django：wsgiref模块：封装request和socket
flask： werkzeug模块：封装socket

from werkzeug.wrappers import Request, Response
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple


@Request.application
def run(request):  # 起web服务，request参数，请求进run
    return Response('Wendy~~~')


if __name__ == '__main__':  # 以下代码只在此脚本运行,别的脚本运行不了
    run_simple('localhost', 5000, run)
    # 通过run_simple在本地5000端口起一个web服务，监听run函数

flask起项目

from flask import Flask

# 实例化Flask，名字为__name__
app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')  # 实例化对象的route方法，通过装饰器建立路由和视图的关系，'/'路径执行index
def index():
    return 'Laura~~~'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()  # 实例化对象执行run就可以起flask服务，默认端口5000

flask实现登录

from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect

app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')  # 可以修改默认模版文件夹名


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])  # 默认只允许get请求
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form.get('username')
        pwd = request.form.get('pwd')
        if username == 'Iris' and pwd == '123':
            return redirect('/')  # 重定向
    return render_template('login.html')  # 跳转页面


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

配置文件

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/')
def index():
    print(app.config)  # 查看配置文件信息
    return '主页'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

运行结果
< Config
{
‘ENV’: ‘production’,
‘DEBUG’: False, \ # 是否开启debug模式
‘TESTING’: False, \ # 是否开启测试模式
‘PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS’: None,
‘PRESERVE_CONTEXT_ON_EXCEPTION’: None,
‘SECRET_KEY’: None,
‘PERMANENT_SESSION_LIFETIME’: datetime.timedelta(31),
‘USE_X_SENDFILE’: False,
‘SERVER_NAME’: None,
‘APPLICATION_ROOT’: ‘/’,
‘SESSION_COOKIE_NAME’: ‘session’,
‘SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN’: None,
‘SESSION_COOKIE_PATH’: None,
‘SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY’: True,
‘SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE’: False,
‘SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE’: None,
‘SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST’: True,
‘MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH’: None,
‘SEND_FILE_MAX_AGE_DEFAULT’: datetime.timedelta(0, 43200),
‘TRAP_BAD_REQUEST_ERRORS’: None,
‘TRAP_HTTP_EXCEPTIONS’: False,
‘EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING’: False,
‘PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME’: ‘http’,
‘JSON_AS_ASCII’: True,
‘JSON_SORT_KEYS’: True,
‘JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR’: False,
‘JSONIFY_MIMETYPE’: ‘application/json’,
‘TEMPLATES_AUTO_RELOAD’: None, ‘MAX_COOKIE_SIZE’: 4093
} >
更改默认配置

在根目录下新建settings.py

# 以类的形式区分配置信息

class DEVConfig(object):
    DEBUG = True


class TestConfig(object):  # 测试环境
    TESTING = True


# print(dir(DEVConfig))

脚本文件

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

app.config.from_object('settings.DEVConfig')  # 如果把Debug改为True就加此句
app.config.from_object('settings.TestConfig')  # TESTING该为True


@app.route('/')
def index():
    print(app.config)  # 查看配置文件信息
    return '主页'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

运行结果
< Config
{‘ENV’: ‘production’, ‘DEBUG’: True, ‘TESTING’: True, …
原理

flask配置路由

路由参数
例

@app.route(’/user/’)
@app.route(’/post/int:post_id’)
@app.route(’/post/float:post_id’)
@app.route(’/post/path:path’)

路由默认支持的参数
DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
‘default’: UnicodeConverter,
‘string’: UnicodeConverter,
‘any’: AnyConverter,
‘path’: PathConverter,
‘int’: IntegerConverter,
‘float’: FloatConverter,
‘uuid’: UUIDConverter,
}
路由的命名和反向解析

上例中endpoint默认是函数名，也就是book

模版

脚本文件

from flask import Flask, redirect, url_for, render_template

app = Flask(__name__)

book_list = [
    {
   'id': 1, 'title': '世界简史'},
    {
   'id': 2, 'title': '人类简史'},
    {
   'id': 3, 'title': '未来简史'},
]


def my_func():
    return '<h1>自定义函数返回的内容</h1>'


name = 'Iris'


@app.route('/book')
def book():
    return render_template('book.html', **{
   'book_list': book_list, 'name': name, 'my_func': my_func})


@app.route('/')
def index():
    return redirect(url_for('book'))  # 反向解析


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

book.html文件

< !DOCTYPE
html >
< html
lang = "zh-CN" >
< head >
< meta
charset = "UTF-8" >
< title > Title < / title >
< / head >
< body >
< h1 > 这是图书管理页面 < / h1 >
< table >
< thead >
< tr >
< th >  # </th>
< th > 书名 < / th >
< th > 操作 < / th >
< / tr >
< / thead >
< tbody >
{ %
for book in book_list %}
< tr >
< td > {
  {book.id}} < / td >
< td > {
  {book.title}} < / td >
< td > 删除 | 编辑 < / td >
< / tr >
{ % endfor %}
< / tbody >
< / table >

< hr >
{
  {name}}
< hr >
{
  {my_func() | safe}}
< / body >
< / html >

效果

请求和响应

每个request都会有个独立内存空间，使用的是协程

from flask import Flask
from flask import request
from flask import render_template
from flask import redirect
from flask import make_response

app = Flask(__name__)


@app.route('/login.html', methods=['GET', "POST"])
def login():
    # 请求相关信息
    # request.method
    # request.args
    # request.form
    # request.values
    # request.cookies
    # request.headers
    # request.path
    # request.full_path
    # request.script_root
    # request.url
    # request.base_url
    # request.url_root
    # request.host_url
    # request.host
    # request.files
    # obj = request.files['the_file_name']
    # obj.save('/var/www/uploads/' + secure_filename(f.filename))

    # 响应相关信息
    # return "字符串"
    # return render_template('html模板路径',**{})
    # return redirect('/index.html')

    # response = make_response(render_template('index.html'))
    # response是flask.wrappers.Response类型
    # response.delete_cookie('key')
    # response.set_cookie('key', 'value')
    # response.headers['X-Something'] = 'A value'
    # return response

    return "内容"


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

sessions

from flask import Flask, render_template, session, redirect, request

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config.from_object('settings.DEVConfig')


@app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        name = request.form.get('username')
        pwd = request.form.get("pwd")
        if name == 'Iris' and pwd == '123':
            session['userinfo'] = {
   'name': name}
            return redirect('/')
    return render_template('login.html')


@app.route('/')
def index():
    print(session.get('userinfo'))  # 打印浏览器的session值
    return render_template('index.html')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

settings文件

# 以类的形式区分配置信息

class DEVConfig(object):
    DEBUG = True
    SECRET_KEY