第一单元
microcomputer | 微型计算机n | computing | 计算n,计算v | digital | 数字的adj | base | 基于v |
advent | 出现v | mode | 模式n | circuit | 电路n | significance | 重要性n |
chip | 芯片n | appear | 出现v | speed | 速度n,加速v | transistor | 晶体管n |
minicomputer | 小型计算机n | combine | 结合v | categorization | 分类n | integration | 集成n |
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input,processes data,stores data,and produces output.According to the mode of processing,computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed,size,cost,and abilities.
Ever since the advent of computers,there have been constant changes.First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s,were based on vacuum tubes.Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors.In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers,which first appeared in the mid-1970s,large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.
对应译文:
我们可以将计算机定义为接受输入、处理数据、存储数据并产生输出的设备。根据处理 方式 的不同,计算机可以是模拟的,也可以是 数字 的。它们也可以分为大型机、 小型计算机 、工作站或微型计算机。在其他条件相同的情况下(例如,机器的年龄),这种 分类 提供了计算机 速度 、大小、成本和能力的一些指示。
自从计算机 出现 以来,一直在不断地变化。具有历史 意义 的第一代计算机,如20世纪50年代初引入的通用自动计算机,是 基于 真空管的。20世纪60年代初 出现 的第二代计算机是用 晶体管 代替真空管的计算机。从20世纪60年代开始,在第三代计算机中,集成 电路 取代了晶体管。在第四代计算机中,如20世纪70年代中期首次出现的 微型计算机 ,大规模 集成 使成千上万的电路集成在一个 芯片 上。第五代计算机有望将大规模集成与复杂的 计算 方法 结合 起来,包括人工智能和真正的分布式处理。
第二单元
commercial | 商业的adj | light | 光n,明亮的adj,点亮v | disc | 圆盘光盘n | optical | 光学的adj |
laser | 激光n | represent | 代表v | floppy | 软的adj | retrieve | 检索,重新得到v |
access | 访问v | store | 存储v,商店n | erase | 擦除v | flat | 扁平的adj |
reflect | 反射v | equivalent | 相当的adj | information | 信息n | surface | 表面n |
CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory.Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s,optical discs use reflected light.On a CD-ROM disc,1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy(高低不平的)areas(called“pits”)on its bottom surface.The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of