命令行

uptime

09:37:36 up 15 min, 1 user, load average: 0.79, 0.73, 0.38
负载包含了等待IO的队列

vmstat

procs    -----------memory----------                   ---swap--       -----io----    -system--     ------cpu-----
 r  b      swpd   free          buff       cache        si   so        bi      bo     in   cs      us sy id    wa  st
 0  0      0      10317152      569952     4214716      0    0         283    127    87  841       1   1  98   0     0

procs -----------memory---------- —swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st
0 0 0 10317152 569952 4214716 0 0 283 127 87 841 1 1 98 0 0
单位KB

r: The number of runnable processes (running or waiting for run time).
b: The number of processes in uninterruptible sleep.

swpd: the amount of virtual memory used.
free: the amount of idle memory.
buff: the amount of memory used as buffers. 通常是文件系统的inode
cache: the amount of memory used as cache. 通常是文件系统的cache

si: Amount of memory swapped in from disk (/s).
so: Amount of memory swapped to disk (/s).

bi: Blocks received from a block device (blocks/s).
bo: Blocks sent to a block device (blocks/s).

in: The number of interrupts per second, including the clock.
cs: The number of context switches per second.

us: Time spent running non-kernel code. (user time, including nice time)
sy: Time spent running kernel code. (system time)
id: Time spent idle. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, this includes IO-wait time.
wa: Time spent waiting for IO. Prior to Linux 2.5.41, included in idle.
st: Time stolen from a virtual machine. Prior to Linux 2.6.11, unknown.