18-多态数组&多态参数

多态数组

• 多态数组：数组的定义类型为父类类型，里面保存的实际元素类型为子类类型

应用实例-1

现有一继承结构，要求创建一个person对象、两个student对象和两个teacher对象，统一放在数组中，并调用每个对象的say方法。

PloyArray类

public class PloyArray{
     public static void  main(String[] args){
        Person[] person = new Person[5];
        person[0] = new Person("zhangsan",30);
        person[1] = new Student("wangwu",18,74.0);
        person[2] = new Student("wangpeng",17,89.5);
        person[3] = new Teacher("zhangxiwang",32,15000);
        person[4] = new Teacher("luoping",32,20000);

        //遍历多态数组调用say方法
         for (int i = 0; i < person.length; i++) {
             System.out.println(person[i].say()); //动态绑定机制
         }
     }
}

Person类

public class Person{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public Person(String name, int age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age){
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String say(){
        return  name + "\t" + age;
    }

}

Teacher类

public class Teacher extends Person{
    private double salary;
    public Teacher(String name, int age,double salary){
        super(name,age);
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public double getSalary(){
        return salary;
    }
    public void setSalary(){
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public String say() {
        return super.say() + " salary=" + salary;
    }
}

Student类

public class Student extends Person{
    private double score;
     public Student(String name, int age, double score){
         super(name,age);
         this.score = score;
     }

     public double getScore(){
         return score;
     }
     public void setScore(double score){
         this.score = score;
     }

     //重写say方法
    public String say(){
         return super.say() + " score=" + score;
    }


}

运行效果

应用实例-2

如何调用子类特有的方法，例如：teacher类有一个teach方法，student类有一个study方法，该如何调用呢

PloyArray类

public class PloyArray{
     public static void  main(String[] args){
        Person[] person = new Person[5];
        person[0] = new Person("zhangsan",30);
        person[1] = new Student("wangwu",18,74.0);
        person[2] = new Student("wangpeng",17,89.5);
        person[3] = new Teacher("zhangxiwang",32,15000);
        person[4] = new Teacher("luoping",32,20000);

        //遍历多态数组调用say方法
         for (int i = 0; i < person.length; i++) {
             System.out.println(person[i].say()); //动态绑定机制
             if (person[i] instanceof Teacher){
                 ((Teacher)person[i]).teach();
             }

             if (person[i] instanceof Student){
                 ((Student)person[i]).study();
             }
         }
     }
}

Person类

public class Person{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public Person(String name, int age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge(){
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age){
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String say(){
        return  name + "\t" + age;
    }

}

Teacherr类

public class Teacher extends Person{
    private double salary;
    public Teacher(String name, int age,double salary){
        super(name,age);
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public double getSalary(){
        return salary;
    }
    public void setSalary(){
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public String say() {
        return super.say() + " salary=" + salary;
    }
    public void teach(){
        System.out.println("教师：" + getName());
    }
}

Student类

public class Student extends Person{
    private double score;
     public Student(String name, int age, double score){
         super(name,age);
         this.score = score;
     }

     public double getScore(){
         return score;
     }
     public void setScore(double score){
         this.score = score;
     }

     //重写say方法
    public String say(){
         return super.say() + " score=" + score;
    }

    public void study(){
        System.out.println("学生" + getName());
    }
}

运行效果

多态参数

• 多态参数：方法定的形参类型为父类类型，实参类型允许为子类类型

实例

需求：定义员工类Employee其中包含姓名name、月工资[private]以及计算年工资的getAnnual方法，普通员工和经理继承了员工，经理类多了奖金bonus属性和管理manage方法，普通员工类多了work方法，普通员工和经理类要求分别重写getAnnual方法

测试类中添加一个方法showEmpAnnual（employee e），实现获取任何员工对象的工资，并在main方法中调用该对象

测试类中添加一个方法testWork，如果是普通员工，则调用Work方法，如果是经理则调用manage方法

Employee类

public class Employee{
    private String name;
    private Double salary;


    // 年工资
    public double getAnnual(){
        return  12 * salary;
    }

    public Employee(String name, Double salary){
        this.name = name;
        this.salary = salary;
        }
    public String getName(){
        return  name;
    }
    public Double getSalary(){
        return salary;
    }

    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public void setSalary(Double salary){
        this.salary = salary;
    }

}

Worker类

public class Worker extends Employee{
    public Worker(String name,double salary){
        super(name,salary);
    }
    public void work(){
        System.out.println("员工" + getName() + "正在工作");
    }
    public double getAnnual(){
        return  super.getAnnual();
    }


}

Manager类

public class Manager extends  Employee{
    private double bonus;
    public void manage(){
        System.out.println("经理" + getName() + "正在管理");
    }
    public Manager(String name,double salary,double bonus){
        super(name,salary);
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }

    public double getBonus(){
        return  bonus;
    }
    public void setBonus(double bonus){
        this.bonus = bonus;
    }
    public double getAnnual(){
        return  super.getAnnual() + bonus;
    }
}

PloyParameter类

public class PloyParameter{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Worker tom = new Worker("tom",10.0);
        Manager zhangsan = new Manager("zhangsan",7000,10000);
        PloyParameter ployParameter = new PloyParameter();
        ployParameter.showEmpAnnual(tom);
        ployParameter.showEmpAnnual(zhangsan);
        ployParameter.testWork(tom);
        ployParameter.testWork(zhangsan);

    }


    //添加一个方法showEmpAnnual(employee)

    public void  showEmpAnnual(Employee e){
        System.out.println(e.getAnnual());
    }


    // 添加一个方法testWork，如果是普通员工，则调用testWork方法，如果是经理则调用manage方法
    public void testWork(Employee e){
        if (e instanceof Worker){
            ((Worker) e).work();
        }else if(e instanceof Manager){
            ((Manager) e).manage();
        }


    }
}

运行效果