设计模式 - 责任链模式 ( Chain of Responsibility ) 较难

V0版本: 最直观的, 定义MsgHandler直接处理

只是把冗余代码封装到MsgHandler而已, 非常简单

想要扩展性好一些, 需要定义不同的Filter, 下面是第一个版本的解决方案
.

V1版本: 最简单的责任链

定义一个Filter接口, 里面有一个doFilter(msg m)核心方法
然后再定义两个负责具体事务的类: 1. 替换标签符号的HTMLFilter 2. 替换敏感词SensitiveFilter

测试代码

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Msg msg = new Msg();
        msg.setMsg("大家好:), <script>, 欢迎访问xxx.com, 大家都是996");

        List<Filter> filters = new ArrayList<>();
        filters.add(new HTMLFilter());
        filters.add(new SensitiveFilter());

        for (Filter filter : filters) {
            filter.doFilter(msg);
        }
        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

class Msg {
    private String msg;

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Msg{msg='" + msg + "'}";
    }
}

运行结果:

Msg{msg='大家好:), [script], 欢迎访问xxx.com, 大家都是955'}

V2版本: 责任链里套责任链

interface Filter { // 核心接口
    void doFilter(Msg m);
}
class FilterChain implements Filter { // V2版本最重要的类, 必须要实现Filter才能实现责任链里套责任链
    List<Filter> filters = new ArrayList<>(); // list里有Filter对象, 也有FilterChain对象

    public FilterChain add(Filter filter) {
        filters.add(filter);
        return this; // 小技巧, 支持链式调用
    }

    public void doFilter(Msg msg) {
        for (Filter filter : filters) {
            filter.doFilter(msg);
        }
    }
}

定义一个FilterChain类, 并实现Filter接口
定义一个add(Filter filter)方法,
因此, FilterChain.add方法可以接收两种类型的参数:
1. FilterChain本身, 因为它实现了Filter接口
2. 具体做事的那几个类, 因为它们也实现了Filter接口: HTMLFilter, SensitiveFilter, FaceFilter, URLFilter

新增两个具体责任类FaceFilter和UrlFilter

class FaceFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(Msg m) {
        String r = m.getMsg();
        r = r.replace(":)", "^V^");
        m.setMsg(r);
    }
}
class UrlFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(Msg m) {
        String r = m.getMsg();
        r = r.replace("xxx.com", "http://xxx.com");
        m.setMsg(r);
    }
}

测试代码

	Msg msg = new Msg();
    msg.setMsg("大家好:), <script>, 欢迎访问xxx.com, 大家都是996");

    FilterChain fc = new FilterChain();
    fc.add(new HTMLFilter()).add(new SensitiveFilter());

    FilterChain fc2 = new FilterChain();
    fc2.add(new FaceFilter()).add(new UrlFilter());

    fc.doFilter(msg);
    fc2.doFilter(msg);

    fc.add(fc2);

    System.out.println(msg);

运行结果:

Msg{msg='大家好^V^, [script], 欢迎访问http://xxx.com, 大家都是955'}

V3版本, 由FilterChain中的某一个Filter决定链条是否继续

测试类和核心类一起贴在下面, 主要的改动请看代码里的注释

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Msg msg = new Msg();
        msg.setMsg("大家好:), <script>, 欢迎访问xxx.com, 大家都是996");

        FilterChain fc = new FilterChain();
        fc.add(new HTMLFilter()).add(new SensitiveFilter());

        FilterChain fc2 = new FilterChain();
        fc2.add(new FaceFilter()).add(new UrlFilter());

        fc.add(fc2);

        fc.doFilter(msg);

        System.out.println(msg);
    }
}

class Msg {
    private String msg;

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Msg{" +
                "msg='" + msg + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

interface Filter {
    // 返回类型从void改成boolean, 一旦想中断, 就让它返回false
    boolean doFilter(Msg m);
}

class FilterChain implements Filter {
    List<Filter> filters = new ArrayList<>();

    public FilterChain add(Filter filter) {
        filters.add(filter);
        return this;
    }

    public boolean doFilter(Msg msg) {
        for (Filter filter : filters) {
            if (!filter.doFilter(msg)) {
                // 当责任链的某个环节返回了false, 后面的环节就不执行了, 并且整个链接向上返回false
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true; // 如果责任链全部通过, 那么整条责任链向上返回true代表全部成功, 上层收到true会继续遍历上层的责任链
    }
}

class HTMLFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public boolean doFilter(Msg m) {
        System.out.println("HTMLFilter...");
        String r = m.getMsg();
        r = r.replace('<', '[');
        r = r.replace('>', ']');
        m.setMsg(r);
        return true;
    }
}

class SensitiveFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public boolean doFilter(Msg m) {
        System.out.println("SensitiveFilter...");
        String r = m.getMsg();
        r = r.replace("996", "955");
        m.setMsg(r);
        return false; // 在这里我们先写死, 让排在SensitiveFilter后面的责任链条都不要做了
    }
}

class FaceFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public boolean doFilter(Msg m) {
        System.out.println("FaceFilter...");
        String r = m.getMsg();
        r = r.replace(":)", "^V^");
        m.setMsg(r);
        return true;
    }
}

class UrlFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public boolean doFilter(Msg m) {
        System.out.println("UrlFilter...");
        String r = m.getMsg();
        r = r.replace("xxx.com", "http://xxx.com");
        m.setMsg(r);
        return true;
    }
}

运行结果:

HTMLFilter...
SensitiveFilter...
Msg{msg='大家好:), [script], 欢迎访问xxx.com, 大家都是955'}

HttpServlet的版本 , 更难一些

1. 第一步: 按照责任链类的顺序处理Request: Filter1 -> Filter2 -> Filter3
2. 第二步: 按照反过来的顺序, 处理Response: Filter3 -> Filter2 -> Filter1
   .

思考一下, 这个需求如何实现?