大数据分析 - 绘制 S=x0^3+x1^3 的函数图形和函数梯度走向分析图

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42281203/article/details/106337556

绘制 S=x0^3+x13 的函数图形和函数梯度走向分析图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pylab as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from pylab import mpl
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Microsoft YaHei'] #汉字显示

def numerical_gradient_no_batch(f,x):
    h = 1e-4 #0.0001
    grad = np.zeros_like(x) #生成和X形状相同的数组
    
    for idx in range(x.size):
        tmp_val = x[idx]
        # f(x+h)的计算
        x[idx] = tmp_val + h
        fxh1 = f(x)
        
         # f(x-h)的计算
        x[idx] = tmp_val - h
        fxh2 = f(x)
        grad[idx] = (fxh1 - fxh2)/(2*h)
        x[idx] = tmp_val #还原值
        
    return grad

def numerical_gradient(f,X):
    if X.ndim == 1:
        return numerical_gradient_no_batch(f,X)
    else:
        grad = np.zeros_like(X)
        for idx,x in enumerate(X):
            grad[idx] = numerical_gradient_no_batch(f,x)
        
    return grad


def function_2(x):
    if x.ndim == 1:
        return np.sum(x ** 3)
    else:
        return np.sum(x ** 3, axis= 1)
    
def tangent_line(f,x):
    d = numerical_gradient(f,x)
    print(d)
    y=f(x) - d*x
    return lambda t: d*t + y

def gradient_descent(f,init_x,lr=0.01,step_num=100):
    x = init_x
    for i in range(step_num):
        grad = numerical_gradient(f,x)
        x -= lr*grad
    return x

if __name__ == '__main__':
    x0 = np.arange(-2, 2.5, 0.25)
    x1 = np.arange(-2, 2.5, 0.25)
    X,Y = np.meshgrid(x0,x1)
    Z = np.array(X**3+Y**3)
    
    #定义坐标轴
    fig1 = plt.figure()
    ax = Axes3D(fig1)
    ax.plot_surface(X,Y,Z)
    ax.set_xlabel('x0')
    ax.set_ylabel('01')
    ax.set_title('函数图形')
    
    
    X = X.flatten()
    Y = Y.flatten()
    
    grad = numerical_gradient(function_2, np.array([X,Y]))
    
    plt.figure()
    plt.quiver(X,Y,-grad[0],-grad[1],angles="xy",color="#666666")
    plt.xlim([-2,2])           
    plt.ylim([-2,2])           
    plt.xlabel('x0')
    plt.ylabel('x1')
    plt.grid()
    plt.draw()
    plt.grid()