木木的Java知识整理——JDBC Template

一、JDBC Template概念

1.1 JDBC Template概念

为了简化持久化操作，Spring在JDBC API之上提供了JDBC Template组件。

JDBC Template提供统一的模板方法，在保留代码灵活性的基础上，尽量减少持久化代码。

1.2 项目配置

pom.xml

<properties>
   <spring.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.44</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.11</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/selection_course?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.linmin.sc"/>
</beans>

二、JDBC Template基本使用及持久化案例

2.1 提供的方法

简化是通过提供方法实现

execute方法 所有语句（一般用来进行建表、修改表结构操作）
update 及batchUpdate 增删改
query 及queryXXX 查询
call 调用存储过程

2.2 update和batchUpdate

update	batchUpdate
对数据进行增删改操作	批量增删改操作
int update(String sql, Object[] args)	int[] batchUpdate(String[] sql)
int update(String sql, Object… args)	int[] batchUpdate(String[] sql, List<Object[]> args)

public class Test {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
        jdbcTemplate = (JdbcTemplate)context.getBean("jdbcTemplate");
    }

    public void testExecute(){
        jdbcTemplate.execute("create table user1(id int,name varchar(20))");
    }

    public void testUpdate(){
        String sql = "insert into student(name,sex) values(?,?)";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,new Object[]{"张飞","男"});
    }

    public void testUpdate2(){
        String sql = "update student set sex=? where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,"女",1003);
    }

    public void testBatchUpdate(){
        String[] sqls={
                "insert into student(name,sex) values('关羽','女')",
                "insert into student(name,sex) values('刘备','男')",
                "update student set sex='女' where id=2001"
        };
        jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sqls);
    }

    public void testBatchUpdate2(){
        String sql = "insert into selection(student,course) values(?,?)";
        List<Object[]> list = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
        list.add(new Object[]{1005,1001});
        list.add(new Object[]{1005,1003});
        jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql,list);
    }
}

2.3 查询

2.3.1 查询简单数据项

获取一个：

• T queryForObject(String sql, Class< T > type)
• T queryForObject(String sql, Object[] args, Class< T > type)
• T queryForObject(String sql, Class< T > type, Object… arg)

获取多个：

• List< T > queryForList(String sql, Class< T > type)
• List< T > queryForList(String sql, Object[] args, Class< T > type)
• List< T > queryForList(String sql, Class< T > type, Object… arg)

2.3.2 查询复杂对象（封装为Map）

获取一个：

• Map queryForMap(String sql, Class< T > type)
• Map queryForMap(String sql, Object[] args)
• Map queryForMap(String sql, Object… arg)

获取多个：

• List<Map<String, Object>> queryForList(String sql)
• List<Map<String, Object>>queryForList(String sql, Object[] args)
• List<Map<String, Object>>queryForList(String sql, Object… arg)

2.3.3 查询复杂对象（封装为实体对象）

RowMapper接口

获取一个：

• T queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper< T > mapper)
• T queryForObject(String sql, Object[] args, RowMapper< T > mapper)
• T queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper< T > mapper, Object… arg)

获取多个：

• List< T > queryForList(String sql, RowMapper< T > mapper)
• List< T > queryForList(String sql, Object[] args, RowMapper< T > mapper)
• List< T > queryForList(String sql, RowMapper< T > mapper, Object… arg)

public class Test {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
        jdbcTemplate = (JdbcTemplate)context.getBean("jdbcTemplate");
    }

    public void testQuerySimple1(){
        String sql = "select count(*) from student";
        int count = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,Integer.class);
        System.out.println(count);
    }

    public void testQuerySimple2(){
        String sql = "select name from student where sex=?";
        List<String> names = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql,String.class,"女");
        System.out.println(names);
    }

    public void testQueryMap1(){
        String sql = "select * from student where id = ?";
        Map<String,Object> stu = jdbcTemplate.queryForMap(sql,1003);
        System.out.println(stu);
    }

    public void testQueryMap2(){
        String sql = "select * from student";
        List<Map<String,Object>> stus = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql);
        System.out.println(stus);
    }

    public void testQueryEntity1(){
        String sql = "select * from student where id = ?";
        Student stu = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new StudentRowMapper(), 1004);
        System.out.println(stu);
    }
    @org.junit.Test
    public void testQueryEntity2(){
        String sql = "select * from student";
        List<Student> stus = jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new StudentRowMapper());
        System.out.println(stus);
    }

    private class StudentRowMapper implements RowMapper<Student>{
        public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
            Student stu = new Student();
            stu.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            stu.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            stu.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
            stu.setBorn(resultSet.getDate("born"));
            return stu;
        }
    }
}

2.4 持久层实现

StudentDao和实现类

public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private Date born;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public Date getBorn() {
        return born;
    }

    public void setBorn(Date born) {
        this.born = born;
    }

    public String toString(){
        return "Student{"+id+","+name+","+sex+","+born+"}";
    }
}

public interface StudentDao {
    void insert(Student stu);
    void update(Student stu);
    void delete(int id);
    Student select(int id);
    List<Student> selectAll();
}

@Repository
public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void insert(Student stu) {
        String sql = "insert into student(name,sex,born) values(?,?,?)";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,stu.getName(),stu.getSex(),stu.getBorn());
    }

    public void update(Student stu) {
        String sql = "update student set name=?,sex=?,born=? where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,stu.getName(),stu.getSex(),stu.getBorn(),stu.getId());
    }

    public void delete(int id) {
        String sql = "delete from student where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);
    }

    public Student select(int id) {
        String sql = "select * from student where id=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,new StudentRowMapper(),id);
    }

    public List<Student> selectAll() {
        String sql = "select * from student";
        return jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new StudentRowMapper());
    }

    private class StudentRowMapper implements RowMapper<Student> {
        public Student mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
            Student stu = new Student();
            stu.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            stu.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            stu.setSex(resultSet.getString("sex"));
            stu.setBorn(resultSet.getDate("born"));
            return stu;
        }
    }
}

CourseDao和实现类

public class Course {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int score;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }
}

public interface CourseDao {
    void insert(Course course);
    void update(Course course);
    void delete(int id);
    Course select(int id);
    List<Course> selectAll();
}

@Repository
public class CourseDaoImpl implements CourseDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void insert(Course course) {
        String sql = "insert into course(name,score) values(?,?)";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,course.getName(),course.getScore());
    }

    public void update(Course course) {
        String sql = "update course set name=?,score=? where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,course.getName(),course.getScore(),course.getId());
    }

    public void delete(int id) {
        String sql = "delete from course where id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,id);
    }

    public Course select(int id) {
        String sql = "select * from course where id=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql,new CourseRowMapper(),id);
    }

    public List<Course> selectAll() {
        String sql = "select * from course";
        return jdbcTemplate.query(sql,new CourseRowMapper());
    }
    private class CourseRowMapper implements RowMapper<Course> {
        public Course mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
            Course course = new Course();
            course.setId(resultSet.getInt("id"));
            course.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
            course.setScore(resultSet.getInt("score"));
            return course;
        }
    }
}

SelectionDao和实现类

public class Selection {
    private int sid;
    private int cid;
    private Date selTime;
    private int score;

    public int getSid() {
        return sid;
    }

    public void setSid(int sid) {
        this.sid = sid;
    }

    public int getCid() {
        return cid;
    }

    public void setCid(int cid) {
        this.cid = cid;
    }

    public Date getSelTime() {
        return selTime;
    }

    public void setSelTime(Date selTime) {
        this.selTime = selTime;
    }

    public int getScore() {
        return score;
    }

    public void setScore(int score) {
        this.score = score;
    }
}

public interface SelectionDao {
    void insert(List<Selection> seles);
    void delete(int sid, int cid);
    List<Map<String,Object>> selectByStudent(int sid);
    List<Map<String,Object>> selectByCourse(int cid);
}

@Repository
public class SelectionDaoImpl implements SelectionDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void insert(List<Selection> seles) {
        String sql = "insert into selection values(?,?,?,?)";
        List<Object[]> list = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
        for(Selection sel:seles){
            Object[] args = new Object[4];
            args[0] = sel.getSid();
            args[1]=sel.getCid();
            args[2] = sel.getSelTime();
            args[3] =sel.getScore();
            list.add(args);
        }
        jdbcTemplate.batchUpdate(sql,list);
    }

    public void delete(int sid,int cid) {
        String sql = "delete from selection where student=? and course=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,sid,cid);
    }

    public List<Map<String, Object>> selectByStudent(int sid) {
        String sql = "select se.*,stu.name sname,cou.name cname from selection se " +
                "left join student stu on se.student=stu.id " +
                "left join course cou on se.course=cou.id" +
                "where student=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql,sid);
    }

    public List<Map<String, Object>> selectByCourse(int cid) {
        String sql = "select se.*,stu.name sname,cou.name cname from selection se " +
                "left join student stu on se.student=stu.id " +
                "left join course cou on se.course=cou.id" +
                "where course=?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql,cid);
    }
}

2.5 总结

JDBC Template是Srpring框架对JDBC操作的封装，简单、灵活但不够强大；
实际应用中还需要它和其他ORM框架混合使用。