Linux系统下yum或apt源的使用

开篇

本篇分享下yum和apt两个软件管理包的使用。yum是redhat或centos系统管理软件包的工具，apt是debian或ubuntu系统管理软件包的工具，有关于这两个工具使用频率是非常高的，了解并学习掌握是linux使用的重要步骤。

Linux查看某个命令属于哪个包

https://blog.csdn.net/t1anyuan/article/details/80448618 centos

https://blog.csdn.net/imliuqun123/article/details/82346407 ubuntu&centos

有时修我们需要某个命令但其没有安装，提供该命令的包名也与命令名相差很大直接查找命令名找不到包，如rexec。此时我们就非常需要这样一个工具：可以根据最终的命令查找提供该命令的软件包。

Centos-Redhat建立本地yum源

cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

1.对于Linux系统如果无网络也想安装一些软件的话，最好的选择就是自己搭建一个本地的yum源

2.准备条件：Centos7 光盘或镜像文件（iso文件）

3.制作local.repo文件

[base]

name=CentOS-$releasever - Base

baseurl=file:///mnt/CentOS7.3

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#yun源的名字，做到全局唯一不重复
[rhel-iso]

#注释信息

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source

#yum源的路径，支持三种协议：http、ftp、file，其中file表示本地文件，/iso才是真实路径

baseurl=file:///iso

#1表示启用，0表示禁用

enabled=1

#指纹校验，为0表示不校验

gpgcheck=0

#校验参考的文件

gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-RedHat-release.

4.#本地需要挂载，使用mount命令即可

mount /home/Wentasy/software/rhel-server-6.1-x86_64-dvd.iso /iso -o loop

5. yum clean all (清除缓存)

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Cleaning repos: local_server

Cleaning up Everything

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

yum makecache (建立新缓存)

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security

Determining fastest mirrors

local_server |4.0 kB 00:00 …

local_server/group_gz | 209kB 00:00 …

local_server/filelists_db | 4.8 MB 00:00 …

local_server/primary_db | 3.5 MB 00:00 …

local_server/other_db | 2.0MB 00:00 …

Metadata Cache Created

6.#mount后重启失效，要想永久生效，添加此句话

echo “mount /dev/cdrom /iso” >> /etc/rc.local

https://blog.51cto.com/11555417/2171810

搭建yum服务器，配置本地源让局域网内无法联网机器使用yum源

Centos-Redhat使用网络源

cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

1.下载网络yum源地址文件（阿里、163、清华）

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

2.修改yum源文件

要进入CentOS-Base.repo文件 vi CentOS-Base.repo

修改文件中的baseurl地址,把每个baseurl后边的$releasever替换成7，把$basearch替换成x86_64

注： 例如 baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/修改前

       修改后baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/

我们用浏览器进入http://mirrors.163.com后——点开centos，找不到$releasever这个版本号，

所以我们选用7版本——接着点开os,里边只有x86_64,所以要把$basearch替换成x86_64，，，，，，

这样在后面操作的时候就不会出错啦！

3.清楚原有yum缓存 yum clean all

4.yum makecache

ubuntu使用本地源

https://blog.csdn.net/candcplusplus/article/details/52156324

apt本地源一般为几个deb包，这和yum本地源是相似的，yum挂载的那一步是可以这么理解。

确保你拥有一台可以上网的ubuntu设备，系统要和无法上网的ubuntu设备一致。

（1）清理apt的下载缓存区。

sudo rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives/*

（2）下载所需要的组件

sudo apt-get -d install <包名>

（3）创建一个目录，将下载的包拷贝到该目录下

cp -r /var/cache/apt/archives /yout-path

（4）修改目录权限

chmod 777 -R /your-path

（5）建立deb包的依赖关系

sudo touch /your-path/Packages.gz

sudo dpkg-scanpackages /your-path/ /dev/null | gzip > /your-path/Packages.gz

（6）将所有下载的文件和生成的gz文件拷贝到离线的ubuntu机器上，将/etc/apt/sources.list原有内容注释掉，新增：

deb file:/var debs/

（7）执行sudo apt-get update，之后就可以直接使用apt-get install 包名 来安装了

ubuntu使用网络源

ubuntu 把软件源修改为国内源和更新

1.备份原始文件

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

2.修改文件并添加国内源

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

3.注释元文件内的源并添加如下地址

#cn99.com 源更新服务器（江苏省常州市电信，推荐电信用户使用）：

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://ubuntu.cn99.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#Mirror.lupaworld.com 源更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器，网通同电信都可以用，亚洲地区官方更新服务器）：

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirror.lupaworld.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#Ubuntu 官方源

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#台湾的官方源

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://tw.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu gutsy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

#或者这些源

#阿里云

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

#网易163

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

放置非官方源的包不完整，可在为不添加官方源

deb http://archive.ubuntu.org.cn/ubuntu-cn/ feisty main restricted universe multiverse

4.更新源

sudo apt-get update

5.常见的修复安装命令

sudo apt-get -f install

自己搭建源

https://www.jianshu.com/p/a82cb928e7ca

这个没有尝试过，但是看上去应该没有那么麻烦，自己搭建个强大的源服务器，速度应该很快。

error debug

http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/6614b3605d961a4aaec45d74ac4e5e713e517debb3ee454a1c91097955780697-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] curl#6 - “Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Unknown error”

http://dbase.cc/2017/12/12/docker/02_docker%E7%9A%84%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85-Centos/

host主机 dns解析问题

apt&dpkg

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)

E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?

https://www.cnblogs.com/opsprobe/p/9126864.html

https://blog.csdn.net/shimadear/article/details/90598646